Radar Imaging of Mercury

Earth-based radar has been one of the few, and one of the most important, sources of new information about Mercury during the three decades since the Mariner 10 encounters. The emphasis during the past 15 years has been on full-disk, dual-polarization imaging of the planet, an effort that has been facilitated by the development of novel radar techniques and by improvements in radar systems. Probably the most important result of the imaging work has been the discovery and mapping of radar-bright features at the poles. The radar scattering properties of these features, and their confinement to permanently shaded crater floors, is consistent with volume backscatter from a low-loss volatile such as clean water ice. Questions remain, however, regarding the source and long-term stability of the putative ice, which underscores the need for independent confirmation by other observational methods. Radar images of the non-polar regions have also revealed a plethora of bright features, most of which are associated with fresh craters and their ejecta. Several very large impact features, with rays and other bright ejecta spreading over distances of 1,000 km or more, have been traced to source craters with diameters of 80–125 km. Among these large rayed features are some whose relative faintness suggests that they are being observed in an intermediate stage of degradation. Less extended ray/ejecta features have been found for some of the freshest medium-size craters such as Kuiper and Degas. Much more common are smaller (<40 km diameter) fresh craters showing bright rim-rings but little or no ray structure. These smaller radar-bright craters are particularly common over the H-7 quadrangle. Diffuse areas of enhanced depolarized brightness have been found in the smooth plains, including the circum-Caloris planitiae and Tolstoj Basin. This is an interesting finding, as it is the reverse of the albedo contrast seen between the radar-dark maria and the radar-bright cratered highlands on the Moon.     

用低纯原料制备电冰箱起动器PTCR的重要途经——热敏钛酸钡陶瓷第二相结晶

根据Al_2O_3-SiO_2系统相图,调整Al_2O_3,SiO_2添加剂比例,可在热敏钛酸钡陶瓷显微结构中形成莫来石结晶相,莫来石的形成改善了用国产低纯原料制备电冰箱起动器PTCR的性能。本文就莫来石第二相与PTCR性能关系进行了讨论。     

动力涡轮转子结构系统力学特性稳健设计方法

航空涡轴/涡桨发动机动力涡轮转子是典型多支点支承、具有连接界面、质量/刚度分布不均匀的高速柔性转子系统,其连接结构力学特性和支承刚度的分散性可导致转子系统动力特性恶化。针对典型动力涡轮转子结构系统,指出不可恢复滑移、疲劳、摩擦等连接界面接触损伤是连接结构力学特性产生分散性的内在原因,提出了接触状态系数、接触应力、不可恢复变形能和接触摩擦功等工程适用的定量评估参数。通过对多支点柔性转子-支承系统临界转速分布及其对各支点支承刚度敏感度的影响规律分析,提出了基于支承刚度低敏感区择优的动力特性稳健设计方法,所提方法提高了转子结构系统的稳健性。      

基于视觉注意力分配的飞机驾驶舱人机界面布局优化

以优化飞机驾驶舱人机界面布局设计为目的,提出了一种基于飞行员视觉注意力分配的布局优化模型。首先分析了计算机辅助三维交互应用软件(Computer aided three-dimensional interactive application,CATIA)中的可视域分析模块,给出不同视野区域的可视性等级,并对驾驶舱人机界面所在的视野范围进行栅格化处理;然后用G1法分析人机界面上各个设备的重要程度,并给予定量赋值;最后建立以飞机驾驶舱人机界面布局的视觉注意分配达到最优为目标函数的优化模型,并引入带有惯性权重的粒子群算法进行模型的求解。利用飞机模拟驾驶舱的人机界面布局为例,进行模型验证,结果表明该模型具有一定的可行性。     

基于成核理论的水温对结冰黏附强度影响研究

飞机结冰会影响飞行安全,甚至导致严重的飞行事故。研究积冰与基底的黏附强度,可以为飞机防除冰系统的设计提供具体的指标要求。设计剪切黏附力测量实验平台,利用该实验平台测量基板在不同冻结用水初始温度下的结冰黏附力;采集水/冰在冻结过程中的温度变化,并通过成核理论分析实验现象,着重研究冻结用水的初始温度对黏附强度的影响。结果表明：冻结水温初始温度的增加会促进冰晶成核,进而提高黏附强度。     

多部件组合体分块网格生成技术及应用

给出多部件组合体分块网格生在的一种方案及实践,包括交界面网格生成技术、空间网格生成方法及质量控制。以一个平尾和机翼具有一定高度差的机身－机翼－平尾－立尾组合体外形为例,生成与公共交界面或边界面正交或接近正交的分块网格。用于Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程跨声速来流几个迎角的计算,结果与实验符合较好。     

二维多介质流动问题的界面处理方法

就二维可压缩多介质流动问题的数值模拟,给出了一种新的界面处理方法。通过在界面处构造Riemann问题,利用Riemann问题的解分别定义界面两边流体的边界条件,由于Riemann问题的解准确地描述了界面处流体的流动状态,因此得到了更加准确的界面边界条件。本文将由Riemann问题的解得到的界面速度外推到整个流场,重新定义速度场,避免了由于速度的大梯度变化而导致的Level—Set等值线相互交错,因而得到了更加精确的界面位置。利用该方法对水下激波与柱型气泡相互作用问题进行数值模拟,结果表明该方法能准确地捕捉各种物理现象。     

直线型驻波超声电机的定、动子间接触及摩擦分析

针对一种基于面内振动的直线型驻波超声电机的定、动子接触过程和摩擦机理进行了研究。在分析中将摩擦材料层简化为分布式线弹簧,利用对电机驱动过程中等速点和接触点的相对位置的分析,将接触区域进行了分区段的讨论,推导出电机速度和输出推力的关系并进行了计算机仿真。进而对不同间距下电机定、动子接触过程进行了分析和仿真。结果表明：电机的定、动子间距在建立摩擦模型中起关键作用,其变化对电机机械特性有显著的影响。     

合成电阻在发动机控制半物理仿真接口模拟器中的应用

将电子合成电阻技术应用于半物理仿真接口模拟器中,以模拟热电阻传感器。在提高电阻合成精度、扩展桥压范围、提高极性适应能力、多通道之间的隔离以及非线性特性拟合等方面提出了有效的解决办法。经过实验标定,证明该合成电阻具有0.02Ω的稳态精度,并且在程序的控制下具有良好的动态电阻模拟能力,可以满足航空发动机控制半物理仿真试验的需要。