金属橡胶用冷拉拔奥氏体不锈钢丝的微观组织

利用OM(光学显微镜)、SEM(扫描电镜)、TEM(透射电镜)和EBSD(电子背散射衍射)等技术,对金属橡胶用冷拉拔奥氏体不锈钢丝的微观组织进行研究.结果表明,钢丝由α'相的形变诱发马氏体与残余奥氏体相组成,马氏体相的亚结构为孪晶和位错,而残余奥氏体晶粒被细化到微米尺度.同时研究发现了钢丝在拉拔方向上形成的以第二相硬质颗粒为核心的梭形微孔洞.进一步研究分析后认为,Cr17-Ni7系奥氏体不锈钢丝更适合制备高阻尼的金属橡胶材料.     

Magneto-gravity Waves Trapped in the Lower Solar Corona

The possibility of trapped magneto-gravity waves in the lower solar corona with an open magnetic field is discussed. Intensity variations and/or Doppler shifts of relevant UV, EUV and x-ray spectral lines in the chromosphere, transition region and lower corona may reveal the existence of such low-frequency modes (with periods longer than ∼ 1.5 hour). The spectrum may be either discrete or continuous depending on the reflection property of the narrow transition region. These modes can be utilized to probe the dynamics of the upper chromosphere, transition region and lower corona; they may also play an important role in coronal heating. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

精密小直径盲孔珩磨

在论述了珩磨、盲孔珩磨现状的基础上,重点介绍了精密小直径盲孔珩磨的原理、珩磨条座、珩磨杆的结构,可达到的加工精度,推广此项工艺应解决的问题及其展望。     

一种适用于曲面结构的机器人制孔误差在线补偿技术

针对工业机器人应用于飞机零部件自动钻孔时各项误差累积造成制孔精度差的问题，提出一种利用单应关系计算机器人驱动坐标三维偏差，以在线补偿机器人制孔精度的方法。首先利用外部测量设备建立机器人制孔系统中各坐标系关系；在标定阶段，通过以一定倾斜角度固联于机器人末端的相机拍摄一幅安装于制孔工作平面上与刀轴正对的平面标定板图像，并据此完成基于单应变换的手-眼关系标定；在实际制孔过程中，机器人在测距传感器及相机的辅助下，从基准孔理论坐标对应的姿态，不断调整至基准孔正上方理想位置，通过手-眼关系计算基准孔实际位置对应的机器人驱动坐标，然后根据一组基准孔的机器人三维驱动误差，计算三维驱动误差变换矩阵，据此获得这组基准孔邻域范围内各待钻孔的机器人驱动坐标补偿量，从而实现待钻孔定位误差补偿。以飞机结构实验件为对象进行了模拟制孔验证，实验结果表明，补偿前待钻孔三维综合定位误差和法向误差测量值范围分别为2.28~2.85 mm和2.09°~3.93°，平均为2.55 mm和3.30°，补偿后制孔最大误差分别不超过0.30 mm和0.21°，满足自动制孔位置精度要求。     

带肋和出流孔通道换热研究

采用热色液晶瞬态测试技术测量了带肋和出流孔通道各壁面的换热系数分布,分析了雷诺数和出流比对换热系数的影响,其中雷诺数的变化范围是20000~80000,出流比的变化范围是0.3~0.6。结果表明:出流比的变化对各壁面均有较大影响,无出流孔带肋壁面的换热沿通道减弱,带肋和出流孔壁面的换热在通道入口处先增大之后沿通道减小;各壁面平均换热增强系数随雷诺数增大而减小。无出流孔的带肋壁面和侧壁的平均换热增强系数随出流比增大而减小,带肋和出流孔壁面的平均换热增强系数不随出流比变化而变化。     

附加分叉射流喷注对气膜孔冷却特性的影响

利用三维数值计算研究具有附加分叉射流喷注的单排气膜孔冷却结构的强化冷却特性,考察了三种形式的分叉孔结构和四个吹风比的影响。研究结果表明,主气膜孔附近射流喷注孔的存在能够诱导一对反涡,削弱缘于主气膜孔下游气膜出流和主流相互作用的肾形涡对,有利于提高气膜冷却效率,同时也增强了对流换热;当分叉射流喷注孔出口与主气膜孔在同一流向位置时,可以获得较高的气膜冷却效率和相对较低的对流换热系数增强比。     

圆直管中离散孔超声速气膜冷却实验

以圆直管中的超声速高温燃气为主流,以常温氮气为气膜介质,用实验的方法研究了离散孔超声速气膜冷却规律,主流马赫数为2,射流马赫数分别为1,2,3.结果表明:射流流量是影响离散孔气膜冷却效果的最主要因素,提高吹风比或者增大孔径,都能显著提高气膜冷却效率;在实验工况下,冷却效率与吹风比和孔径的关系可以总结成实验关联式;射流喉部直径相同、流量相同情况下,射流马赫数对气膜冷却效果影响不大;在气膜孔附近,入射角为30°的射流比切向入射时的冷却效果差,在下流远离气膜孔位置,入射角为30°的射流冷却效果优于切向入射时.      

头部及掺混孔对三级旋流器燃烧室出口温度分布影响的试验

对4种不同三级旋流器方案和两种不同掺混孔排布方案的燃烧室在不同进口速度、油气比参数下的出口温度分布进行了常压试验研究,研究结果表明:各方案的出口温度分布系数随进口速度和油气比有所变化,但变化范围不大;中间旋流器与外旋流器旋向相反时,出口温度分布更为均匀;对于两种不同的旋流数组合0.7-1-1.5和1.5-1-0.8,前者出口温度分布系数对外旋流器旋向的改变更为敏感;与方案B相比,方案A的掺混孔排布更加适合该三级旋流器燃烧室;掺混孔排布要与头部结构相匹配,这样才能优化出口温度分布.      

A balloon-borne very long baseline interferometry experiment in the stratosphere: Systems design and developments

The balloon-borne very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiment is a technical feasibility study for performing radio interferometry in the stratosphere. The flight model has been developed. A balloon-borne VLBI station will be launched to establish interferometric fringes with ground-based VLBI stations distributed over the Japanese islands at an observing frequency of approximately 20?GHz as the first step. This paper describes the system design and development of a series of observing instruments and bus systems. In addition to the advantages of avoiding the atmospheric effects of absorption and fluctuation in high frequency radio observation, the mobility of a station can improve the sampling coverage (“uv-coverage”) by increasing the number of baselines by the number of ground-based counterparts for each observation day. This benefit cannot be obtained with conventional arrays that solely comprise ground-based stations. The balloon-borne VLBI can contribute to a future progress of research fields such as black holes by direct imaging.     

Relativistic astrophysics explorer

The great success of the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) has shown that X-ray timing is an excellent tool for the study of strong gravitational fields and the measurement of fundamental physical properties of black holes and neutron stars. Here, we describe a next-generation X-ray timing mission, the Relativistic Astrophysics Explorer (RAE), designed to fit within the envelope of a medium-sized mission. The instruments will be a narrow-field X-ray detector array with an area of 6 m² equal to 10 times that of RXTE and a wide-field X-ray monitor. We describe the science made possible with this mission, the design of the instruments, and results on prototype large-area X-ray detectors.