Numerical Simulation of Rotor Flow Field Based on Overset Grids and Several Spatial and Temporal Discretization Schemes

A numerical method based on solutions of Euler/Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations is developed for calculating the flow field over a rotor in hover. Jameson central scheme, van Leer flux-vector splitting scheme, advection upwind splitting method (AUSM) scheme, upwind AUSM/van Leer scheme, AUSM+ scheme and AUSMDV scheme are implemented for spatial discretization, and van Albada limiter is also applied. For temporal discretization, both explicit Runge-Kutta method and implicit lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS) method are attempted. Simultaneously, overset grid technique is adopted. In detail, hole-map method is utilized to identify intergrid boundary points (IGBPs). Furthermore, aimed at identification issue of donor elements, inverse-map method is implemented. Eventually, blade surface pressure distributions derived from numerical simulation are validated compared with experimental data, showing that all the schemes mentioned above have the capability to predict the rotor flow field accurately. At the same time, vorticity contours are illustrated for analysis, and other characteristics are also analyzed.     

基于Van Leer＋AUSM混合格式求解三维N-S方程

基于多块粘性结构网格,开展了三维N-S方程数值算法的研究。控制方程的空间离散采用有限体积法,在前人工作的基础上,发展了Van Leer＋AUSM混合格式并应用到对流通量的离散中,粘性项采用中心格式离散并利用格林定理计算粘性通量中的导数项,时间推进采用五步R-K法,湍流模型为S-A一方程模型。最后,以M6机翼和某超声速弹丸的粘性流场作为数值算例,计算表明：发展的数值算法对跨声速、超声速流场均具有较高的分辨率,适用于跨、超声速流场的数值模拟。     

Ion engine grids: Function,main parameters,issues, configurations,geometries, materials and fabrication methods

Ion optics are crucial components of ion thrusters and the study of the different ion extraction solutions used since the beginning of the electric propulsion era is essential to understand the evolution of ion engines. This work describes ion engine grids' main functions, parameters and issues related to thermal expansion and sputter erosion, and then introduces a review of ion optics used for significant launched and tested ion thrusters since 1970. Configurations, geometries, materials and fabrication methods are analyzed to understand when typical ion thrusters use two or three grids, what are the thicknesses and aperture sizes of the screen, accelerator and decelerator grids, why molybdenum and carbon-based materials such as pyrolytic graphite and carbon–carbon are the best available options for ion optics and what is the manufacturing method for each material.     

基于多核计算机集群系统的网格分区策略

网格分区技术是提高并行计算效率的重要手段。基于图的分区技术(如Metis等)已经可以完全做到负载平衡,但是随着计算机集群系统的发展,节点间的通讯成为并行计算中的重要时间消耗部分。为此,提出一种适用于非结构网格的新分区策略(MC Partition method),减少了节点间的通讯规模,结果表明,这种分区方法可以较大的提高并行计算效率。     

基于图剖分的多块结构网格负载平衡方法

负载平衡是影响并行计算性能的重要因素。针对多块结构网格,给出了一种改进的多层次图剖分负载平衡方法。该方法设计了新的网格剖分算法,采用改进的子块分裂方法与图剖分算法的循环调用实现结构对接网格剖分,并通过建立不同物体重叠网格间的连接关系,实现了结构重叠网格的负载平衡。采用2个典型算例对方法进行了对比验证,数值结果表明,子块分裂方法对剖分结果具有重要影响,采用循环调用算法及改进的子块分裂方法能有效地实现计算负载均衡及通信量优化,同时显著减少了网格块数及因虚网格导致的内存需求,有利于提高并行效率。该负载平衡方法与网格拓扑无关,适用于多块结构对接网格及重叠网格,且整体型剖分方式对于多块结构重叠网格具有更好的剖分效果。     

Development process of muzzle flows including a gun-launched missile

Numerical investigations on the launch process of a gun-launched missile from the muzzle of a cannon to the free-flight stage have been performed in this paper. The dynamic overlapped grids approach are applied to dealing with the problems of a moving gun-launched missile. The high-resolution upwind scheme(AUSMPW+) and the detailed reaction kinetics model are adopted to solve the chemical non-equilibrium Euler equations for dynamic grids. The development process and flow field structure of muzzle flows including a gun-launched missile are discussed in detail.This present numerical study confirms that complicated transient phenomena exist in the shortly launching stages when the gun-launched missile moves from the muzzle of a cannon to the freeflight stage. The propellant gas flows, the initial environmental ambient air flows and the moving missile mutually couple and interact. A complete structure of flow field is formed at the launching stages, including the blast wave, base shock, reflected shock, incident shock, shear layer, primary vortex ring and triple point.     

任意平面域的三角形网格和混合网格生成

本文以阵面推进法为基础,给出了一种可对任意平面域进行三角形网格和混合网格自动生成的方法。该方法包含了易于生成与调控的矩形背景网格技术,简便的外形输入和初始阵面划分技术,加速查寻的数据结构,以及节点松弛和基于Ｄｅｌａｕｎａｙ准则的对角线交换技术。网格生成的实例表明,方法能快速可靠地生成任意平面域的高质量三角形网格和适于粘性计算的三角形／四边形混合网格,具有较好的通用性与实用性。     

用隐式多重网格法计算三维粘性流动

求解高雷诺湍流流动时,边界层法向网格间距较流向和展向相比非常小,因此边界层中存在高度伸缩的网络,这将大大降低多重网格的求解效率。通过谐调的处理多重网格过程的各个细节,既提高了解的精度,又克服了网格展弦比的影响,使得计算效率提高了6～7倍。     

Y形进气道流场数值研究

Y形进气道在两侧进气布局的单发轻型战斗机和教练机上应用较为普遍。由于流动的复杂．不易对其内部的流动进行实测．为此本文基于Favre平均的N-S方程和B／L代数湍流模型．采用了Jameson格式和矩阵人工粘性耗散，对某型亚声速飞机的Y形进气道流场进行了数值模拟。提出了一种解决网格块之间插值问题的处理方法．研究了进气道两侧管道气流的掺混作用及二次涡．得出了进气道内外流场的马赫数、压力和速度分布，以及进气道的性能随反压和攻角的变化曲线。研究结果可为进气道的设计提供一定的参考。     

FlowStar:国家数值风洞(NNW)工程非结构通用CFD软件

计算流体力学（CFD）仿真软件是流体相关的数学物理知识和工程实践经验的数字化表达,是工业数字化转型的重要助推。然而,大型工业CFD软件研发难度极高,需要同时兼顾功能多样、系统稳定、性能优越、交互友好等特征。依托国家数值风洞（NNW）工程,研发出一款通用流场模拟软件NNW-FlowStar,并在航空、航天等工业部门大力推广使用。软件基于非结构有限体积求解方法和大规模并行计算技术开发,结合现代化软件工程思维设计,具备先进的数值方法、高效的计算效率和友好的用户操作界面,可满足各类复杂外形的高效气动模拟。独特的重叠网格技术配合六自由度运动模块,可帮助实现武器分离、舱门定轴转动等各类气动-运动协同仿真需求。多类标模案例和复杂工程应用表明,FlowStar软件算法鲁棒、精度可靠,是一款高精度、高效率、高可靠性的通用CFD仿真软件。通过对软件的架构设计和功能应用进行介绍,使相关从业人员能更好地了解FlowStar软件,最终促进国产自主CFD软件生态的良性发展。