拓扑优化方法在飞机结构件概念设计中的应用

为了能够有效地降低飞机结构承力件的重量,针对飞机骨架,以加强框和普通框以及翼梁的概念设计为研究内容,通过对"敏度阈值"概念的分析,指出其不足,提出了"改进的敏度阈值"概念,并与"约束补偿"策略结合而形成新的拓扑优化算法,用于上述结构件的材料布局优化设计.多个算例中的拓扑优化结果均显示其结构型式十分新颖,值得深入地探讨.     

An annual variation analysis of the ionospheric spatial gradient over a regional area for GNSS applications

An ionospheric spatial gradient represents the ionosphere delay difference between different locations, and its variation over a specific area is important for implementing differential GNSS systems. An estimation method for the ionospheric spatial gradient over a small regional area is proposed. A plate map model is implemented for the direct estimation of the gradients. Nine years of GPS data were processed to figure out the annual variation of the mean gradient at the mid-geomagnetic latitude of 30° N. Gradients along the north–south direction have a mean of 0.65 mm/km and follow solar-cycle variations.     

Change rules of a stratospheric airship's envelope shape during ascent process

Stratospheric airship is a special near-space air vehicle, and has more advantages than other air vehicles, such as long endurance, strong survival ability, excellent resolution, low cost, and so on, which make it an ideal stratospheric platform. It is of great significance to choose a rea-sonable and effective way to launch a stratospheric airship to the space for both academic research and engineering applications. In this paper, the non-forming launch way is studied and the method of differential pressure gradient is used to study the change rules of the airship's envelope shape dur-ing the ascent process. Numerical simulation results show that the head of the envelope will main-tain the inflatable shape and the envelope under the zero-pressure level will be compressed into a wide range of wrinkles during the ascent process. The airship's envelope will expand with the ascent of the airship and the position of the zero-pressure level will move downward constantly. At the same time, the envelope will gradually form a certain degree of stiffness under the action of the inner and external differential pressure. The experimental results agree well with the analytical results, which shows that the non-forming launch way is effective and reliable, and the analytical method has exactness and feasibility.     

基于磁记忆技术对含缺陷焊缝的疲劳试验

对含有不同隐形损伤的40Cr焊板进行射线检测、疲劳试验和正交磁记忆信号测量，探索试件在疲劳应力作用下磁记忆信号的变化特征。试验结果表明：单一测量方式下的磁特征值不能表征焊板在疲劳循环载荷下的变化特征，所得结论存在偶然性；研究发现，可用磁场矢量梯度积分特征和磁场矢量合成梯度特征来评价焊板的疲劳损伤过程，并建立了以磁场矢量梯度特征为损伤参量的疲劳损伤模型，从而可以对含有隐形损伤焊接构件的疲劳寿命进行定量评估，为金属磁记忆技术在焊接缺陷定量评价上的进一步研究提供参考依据。     

跨传感器异步迁移学习的室内单目无人机避障

针对强化学习策略由仿真环境向实际迁移困难的问题，以提高无人机采用无深度信息单目视觉时的行人规避能力为目标，提出一种基于异步深度神经网络结构的跨传感器迁移学习方法。首先，在仿真环境中仅使用虚拟单线激光雷达作为传感器，通过基于确定性策略梯度(DDPG)的深度强化学习方法，训练得到一个稳定的初级避障策略。其次，用单目摄像头和激光雷达同步采集现实环境中的视觉和深度数据集并逐帧绑定，使用上述初级避障策略对现实数据集进行自动标注，进而训练得到无需激光雷达数据的单目视觉避障策略，实现从虚拟激光雷达到现实单目视觉的跨传感器迁移学习。最后，引入YOLO v3-tiny网络与Resnet18网络组成异步深度神经网络结构，有效提高了存在行人场景下的避障性能。     

基于对比度和梯度分布的红外弱小目标检测

红外弱小目标检测技术是目标自动检测系统中的核心技术之一。在复杂背景以及强杂波存在的情形下,红外弱小目标检测往往会有高虚警率的问题。对于这一问题,提出了一种基于多尺度局部对比度与局部梯度分布的红外弱小目标检测算法,具有重要意义。相比于以前的算法,该方法利用多尺度局部对比度机制增强红外图像中的疑似红外弱小目标的区域,再利用红外图像的局部梯度分布信息对这些疑似红外弱小目标的区域进行判别,剔除其中的虚警区域,得到有低虚警率红外弱小目标检测结果。实验结果表明:该算法结果可靠,检测准确率高。可见,新算法可以有效地提高在复杂背景以及存在强杂波情形下红外图像中弱小目标的检测准确率。     

Determining the precipitable water vapor thresholds under different rainfall strengths in Taiwan

Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) plays an important role for weather forecasting. It is helpful in evaluating the changes of the weather system via observing the distribution of water vapor. The ability of calculating PWV from Global Positioning System (GPS) signals is useful to understand the special weather phenomenon. In this study, 95 ground-based GPS and rainfall stations in Taiwan were utilized from 2006 to 2012 to analyze the relationship between PWV and rainfall. The PWV data were classified into four classes (no, light, moderate and heavy rainfall), and the vertical gradients of the PWV were obtained and the variations of the PWV were analyzed. The results indicated that as the GPS elevation increased every 100?m, the PWV values decreased by 9.5?mm, 11.0?mm, 12.2?mm and 12.3?mm during the no, light, moderate and heavy rainfall conditions, respectively. After applying correction using the vertical gradients mentioned above, the average PWV thresholds were 41.8?mm, 52.9?mm, 62.5?mm and 64.4?mm under the no, light, moderate and heavy rainfall conditions, respectively. This study offers another type of empirical threshold to assist the rainfall prediction and can be used to distinguish the rainfall features between different areas in Taiwan.     

基于边缘与非边缘分开处理的印刷品缺陷检测

针对印刷品缺陷检测问题,通过对经典缺陷识别算法的研究,提出了一种边缘点与非边缘点分开处理的印刷品检测缺陷识别算法。算法以统计过程原理为出发点,根据边缘点和非边缘点不同的像素特征,对非边缘点采用统计阈值法处理,对边缘点采用邻域平均值与梯度值相结合的算法处理。该算法经过实验证明,能够有效地剔除伪疵点,提取出真正的缺陷。     

潜入喷管背部容腔对点火初期压强振荡影响的数值研究

为深入了解点火初期药柱表面的压强振荡情况,采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对固体火箭发动机喷管堵盖打开前的点火增压过程进行了轴对称数值计算,探讨了潜入喷管背部容腔对压强振荡的影响.计算结果表明,发动机头部和背部容腔内压强振荡最为剧烈,压强峰值和升压梯度峰值随容腔体积的增加而递减.结论可为药柱裂纹的扩展研究及固体火箭发动...     

基于距离梯度的多普勒中心估计精度分析

多普勒中心估计一般使用原始数据或距离压缩后的数据,但目前缺少统一的参数对估计精度进行分析.在多普勒模糊数准确的前提下,提出了根据几何模型和多普勒中心精度要求划分数据块,利用多普勒中心估计值的距离梯度均值和标准差分析多普勒中心的方法.实验表明,利用原始数据得到的多普勒中心估计值其距离梯度的均值和标准差都小于几何模型限定值...