冷却剂参数对铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命的影响

采用有限体积流固耦合计算方法、非线性有限元热结构耦合分析方法和局部应变法研究大面积比铣槽喷管三维再生冷却槽道在循环工作条件下的热结构变形与低周疲劳寿命,并对比分析了冷却剂质量流量与入口温度对铣槽喷管疲劳使用寿命的影响.计算结果表明,铣槽喷管热结构响应呈现复杂的三维效应,应变较大位置主要分布在与肋连接的内衬区域,喷管中部的残余应变量最大;冷却槽道低周疲劳寿命分布和热结构响应基本一致,最小寿命位于喷管中部与肋相连的内衬区域燃气侧;随冷却剂质量流量增加,铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命不断提高;随冷却剂入口温度增加喷管尾部低周疲劳寿命值不断降低,而喷管中前部的低周疲劳寿命值却不断提高,当冷却剂入口温度为280K左右时,本文的铣槽喷管总体使用寿命达到最大.     

基于贝叶斯LS-SVR的锂电池剩余寿命概率性预测

提出了一种基于贝叶斯最小二乘支持向量回归(LS-SVR)的锂电池剩余寿命在线概率性预测方法.首先,通过滚动窗方法选取锂电池历史健康退化数据,并根据相空间重构原理建立训练样本,其中最小嵌入维数使用Cao氏方法计算获得.然后,运用贝叶斯3层推理训练LS-SVR预测模型,在迭代预测阶段,采用蒙特卡罗方法来表示和管理多步预测中的不确定性及其传递,即用一群离散粒子来近似连续分布,结合“退化轨迹不相交”原则和高斯过程假设,预测出锂电池健康状态未来时刻的发展趋势.最后结合给定的失效阈值,通过统计穿越阈值的粒子数目得到剩余寿命的概率分布.使用美国国家航空航天局阿姆斯研究中心公开的电池数据集与高斯过程回归(GPR)方法进行对比实验,多项预测性能指标结果表明贝叶斯LS-SVR方法具有更高的预测准确度和置信度.     

喷丸对DZ4 合金旋转弯曲疲劳断裂特征的影响

对喷丸前后DZ4高温合金旋转弯曲高周疲劳断口的断裂特征进行了观察.结果表明,室温和高温(820℃)时,未喷丸的DZ4合金高周疲劳裂纹均萌生于试样表面以及与表面相连的铸造缺陷或碳化物处.Kt=1时,疲劳断口为点源,源区存在滑移平面和滑移台阶;随着应力集中水平的升高(Kt=2,Kt=3),疲劳断口向多源和线源发展,源区滑移面变小甚至消失;随着温度的升高,断口源区滑移特征明显.喷丸后,疲劳裂纹源内移,裂纹萌生于试样次表面的晶体内部或铸造缺陷处.带缺口试样裂纹源减少,起源区域缩小,出现明显的主、次疲劳源.实验证明,喷丸可降低DZ4合金表面和缺口敏感性,对裂纹萌生有抑制作用,可提高材料的疲劳性能,随着温度升高,喷丸的强化作用逐渐减弱,但在820℃仍有强化作用.     

航空发动机涡轮部件断裂分析

某航空发动机使用中出现多级涡轮叶片和放气活门随动杆断裂故障,通过现场勘查、断口分析、金相检查和机理分析等手段,确定各断裂件的断裂模式,最终确认放气活门随动杆疲劳断裂是导致涡轮部件超温断裂的主要原因。并在此基础上,对相关工作提出建议。     

机身某部位连接区疲劳和损伤容限分析

从疲劳和损伤容限的概念出发,对某机身13长桁的框腹板进行受力情况、疲劳寿命、裂纹扩展寿命和剩余强度分析,充分讨论了与框腹板相连的接头的可靠性。在考虑精度的情况下用子模型的方式节省了很多计算时间,用扩展有限元法预测裂纹扩展的轨迹也与实验相吻合,为工程应用提供了简洁有效的途径。     

Effect of stress ratio on HCF and VHCF properties at temperatures of 20 °C and 700 °C for nickel-based wrought superalloy GH3617M

This paper attempts to investigate the effects of stress ratio and high temperature on the HCF(high-cycle-fatigue) and VHCF(very-high-cycle-fatigue) behaviors of nickel-based wrought superalloy GH3617 M. Fatigue tests over the full HCF and VHCF regimes were conducted on superalloy GH3617 M subjected to constant-amplitude loading at five stress ratios of -1, -0.5, 0,0.4, and 0.8 in environments of 20 °C and 700 °C temperatures. From experimental observation and fractographic analysis, fatigue mechanisms were deduced to reveal the synergistic interaction between high temperature and stress ratio on the HCF and VHCF behaviors of superalloy GH3617 M. A phenomenological model was crafted from available fatigue design knowledge to evaluate the synergistic interaction, and a good correlation between predictions and experiments has been achieved.     

基于核心零部件聚类的飞机现场可更换单元划分

为研究军用飞机测试性设计过程中现场可更换单元（LRU）划分工作，以功能独立性和结构独立性为基本原则，以降低飞机维修保障成本和时间为主要目标，设计了一种军用飞机LRU划分方案。方案在首先实现了飞机从整机到零部件的功能结构分层划分基础上，从设备零部件层级出发，以综合重要度作为各零部件的定量化指标，运用帕累托（Pareto）原则筛选出核心零部件。然后基于核心零部件开发了一种LRU划分聚类算法，该算法以军用飞机设计研制阶段、使用保障阶段、退役处置阶段全寿命周期内成本和时间为优化目标构造综合评判因子，实现了非核心零部件与LRU模块之间的聚类组合，得到最优的LRU划分结果。最后以某型军用飞机上蒸发循环制冷装置为例，运用本文设计的方案实现了该装置LRU的划分，并将划分结果与该装置的实际LRU清单进行对比，通过维修保障成本和时间综合评判因子对两种划分结果的优劣性进行分析，得出本文设计方案得到的LRU划分结果对飞机维修保障成本和时间的优化效果较为均衡的结论。     

A biological method of including mineralized human liquid and solid wastes into the mass exchange of bio-technical life support systems

The main obstacle to using mineralized human solid and liquid wastes as a source of mineral elements for plants cultivated in bio-technical life support systems (BLSS) is that they contain NaCl. The purpose of this study is to determine whether mineralized human wastes can be used to prepare the nutrient solution for long-duration conveyor cultivation of uneven-aged wheat and Salicornia europaea L. plant community. Human solid and liquid wastes were mineralized by the method of “wet incineration” developed by Yu. Kudenko. They served as a basis for preparing the solutions that were used for conveyor-type cultivation of wheat community represented by 5 age groups, planted with a time interval of 14 days. Wheat was cultivated hydroponically on expanded clay particles. To reduce salt content of the nutrient solution, every two weeks, after wheat was harvested, 12 L of solution was removed from the wheat irrigation tank and used for Salicornia europaea cultivation in water culture in a conveyor mode. The Salicornia community was represented by 2 age groups, planted with a time interval of 14 days. As some portion of the nutrient solution used for wheat cultivation was regularly removed, sodium concentration in the wheat irrigation solution did not exceed 400 mg/L, and mineral elements contained in the removed portion were used for Salicornia cultivation. The experiment lasted 4 months. The total wheat biomass productivity averaged 30.1 g · m⁻² · day⁻¹, and the harvest index amounted to 36.8%. The average productivity of Salicornia edible biomass on a dry weight basis was 39.3 g · m⁻² · day⁻¹, and its aboveground mass contained at least 20% of NaCl. Thus, the proposed technology of cultivation of wheat and halophyte plant community enables using mineralized human wastes as a basis for preparing nutrient solutions and including NaCl in the mass exchange of the BLSS; moreover, humans are supplied with additional amounts of leafy vegetables.     

考虑脆弱性的航空发动机剩余寿命预测

比例危险模型采用协变量的方式综合多个参数实现对系统的剩余寿命预测,已在航空发动机中得到了应用。然而由于传统比例危险模型是以假设多个研究样本独立同分布,即基本失效率相同为基础的,但对于航空发动机而言,由于运行环境和使用的不同,基本失效率存在差异。研究表明,忽略样本之间的差异会导致估计结果存在严重偏差。为此,本研究将引入用于表达样本之间非独立性的脆弱性概念,针对航空发动机,建立更具普遍性的脆弱性比例危险模型,首次应用于航空发动机的剩余寿命预测。通过实例表明,基于脆弱性比例危险模型得到的预测结果平均误差为4.6%,而基于传统比例危险模型的预测结果平均误差为6.9%,验证了脆弱性比例危险模型在航空发动机剩余寿命预测中的有效性。     

冷挤压强化对GH4169合金孔结构室温低循环疲劳寿命影响

对GH4169合金中心孔板材试样进行冷挤压强化,测试了挤压前后GH4169中心孔板材试样在663 MPa/20℃条件下的低循环疲劳寿命;分别采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射残余应力仪、表面轮廓仪分析了疲劳断口、疲劳过程中残余应力场的演化以及表面形貌。结果表明:冷挤压强化后孔结构的疲劳寿命提高为原始试样的2.6倍。冷挤压强化对孔壁的强化效果使得冷挤压试样疲劳源萌生于倒角处单源,而原始试样萌生于孔壁多源。经过50000周次疲劳实验,冷挤压强化残余压应力有所松弛,但进口端与出口端的表面残余应力分别保持了55%和75%。冷挤压后孔壁表面粗糙度R_a由0.354μm减小到0.297μm。