考虑应力状态的疲劳裂纹闭合分析

利用改进的条带屈服模型 (Modified Strip Yield Model),通过对裂端约束的研究,提出组合约束因子的概念,发展了 Budiansky和 Hutchinson的解析模型,建立了可考虑不同应力状态的疲劳裂纹闭合模型,可方便地推广到穿透厚度裂纹的闭合分析中。与航空结构合金的实验数据及有限元结果的比较显示该模型能准确预测疲劳裂纹闭合中载荷比、应力状态和厚度等重要因素的影响。给出的显式结果可以方便地用于航空工程实际。     

Finite-time composite guidance law with input constraint and dynamics compensation

Guidance laws are proposed for a near space interceptor with on–off type thrust as output. The target-interceptor engagement kinematics is integrated with the first-order dynamics of thruster to design guidance laws. The bang-bang type guidance law with linear sliding mode is proposed to deal with thruster dynamics, and the sufficient condition for finite time convergence is rigorously proved based on the finite-time convergence theory. According to the sufficient condition, a sliding mode guidance law with hysteresis-band switching is introduced to reduce the switching frequency of thruster. Then two guidance laws are combined into a composite guidance law to improve the guidance performance. Simulation results show that the line-of-sight angular rate can converge to a neighborhood of the equilibrium point before the final time of the guidance process, and the composite guidance law has better performance than typical guidance laws.     

逆轨拦截机动目标的三维最优制导律

以大气层内导弹逆轨拦截高速机动目标为背景，本文运用最优控制和双曲正切函数设计带角度约束的三维最优制导律。分别假设导弹弹道倾角和弹道偏角保持瞬时恒定，将三维制导分解为两个相互垂直平面内的二维制导。考虑导弹速度时变的情况，建立带角度约束的制导方程。设计一种双曲正切函数的变种，并将其设为脱靶量和角度约束的权重系数，根据极小值原理推导了最优制导律的解析表达式。双曲正切函数变种的引入，使得制导律对脱靶量和角度约束的要求是逐渐增强的，可以解决传统最优制导律初始段过载指令过大的问题。仿真结果表明了该制导律的有效性。     

关于约束分类问题的研究

约束条件的分类对于简化数学规划问题的求解具有重要意义，对于凸函数ｇｉ（ｘ）（ｉ＝１，２，…，ｎ）给出了约束ｇｉ（ｘ）≤０是必要约束或多余约束的充要条件，对于一般约束，定义了约束相关矩阵，给出了约束是必要的或多余的充要条件，对相对多余约束给出了分类。     

FUSELAGE STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION WITH MSC／MOD PRE－PROCESSING AND MSC／PAL2 POST－PROCESSING

ＦＵＳＥＬＡＧＥＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＡＬＯＰＴＩＭＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＷＩＴＨＭＳＣ／ＭＯＤＰＲＥ－ＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＩＮＧＡＮＤＭＳＣ／ＰＡＬ２ＰＯＳＴ－ＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＩＮＧ￥ＣｈｅｎＭｕｌａｎ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｉｌｏｔｌｅｓｓＡｉｒｃｒａ...     

基于拓扑优化技术的飞机普通框设计方法研究

为了能够合理地降低飞机结构重量系数,针对飞机结构件,以普通框为研究对象,通过对“敏度阈值”的改进,提出“敏度变阈值”概念,并与“约束补偿”策略结合而形成拓扑优化算法,用于普通框的材料布局设计。以一轻型飞机的后段某一普通框为例,拓扑优化结果表明：(1)等材料设计时,刚度提高百分之四十;(2）等刚度设计时,材料用量减少百分之三十。由此可以得出：(1)基于“敏度变阈值”的拓扑优化算法用于飞机普通框改进设计是可行的和有效的;(2)给出了一种具有可操作性的设计方法,用以实现框结构“等刚度”的设计思想;(3)所给出的方法易于飞机结构设计人员接受与掌握,并且具有工程实用价值。     

Plastic wrinkling model and characteristics of shear enforced Ti-alloy thin-walled tubes under combination die constraints and differential temperature fields

Plastic wrinkling predictions and shear enforced wrinkling characteristics of Ti-alloy thin-walled tubes under combination die constraints have become key problems urgently in need of solutions in order to improve forming quality in their shear bending processes under differential temperature fields. To address this, a wrinkling wave function was developed by considering their shear bend deformation characteristics. Based on this wave function and the thin shell theory, an energy prediction model for this type of wrinkling was established. This model enables considera-tion of the effects of shear deformation zone ranges, material parameters, loading modes, and fric-tion coefficients between tube and dies on the minimum wrinkling energy. Tube wrinkling sensitive zones (WSZs) can be revealed by combining this wrinkling prediction model with a thermal-mechanical coupled finite element model for simulating these bending processes. The reliability of this wrinkling prediction model was verified, and an investigation into the tube wrinkling char-acteristics was carried out based on the experimental conditions. This found that the WSZs are located on either a single side or both sides of the maximum shear stress zone. When the friction coefficients between the tube and the various dies coincide, the WSZs are located on both sides. The larger the value of the tube inner corner radius and/or the smaller the value of the outer corner radius, the smaller the wrinkling probability. With an increase in the value of the moving die dis-placement, the wrinkling probability increases at first, and then decreases.     

有向拓扑下无径向速度测量的多导弹协同制导

针对多枚导弹在平面内从各自期望的方向同时击中移动目标问题，提出一种有向通信拓扑下无需导弹-目标径向速度测量且带视线角约束的分布式有限时间协同制导律。基于平面内导弹-目标相对运动方程建立带视线角约束的多导弹协同制导模型。基于二阶多智能体协同控制理论设计了视线方向上的制导律，可保证有向拓扑下多导弹的打击时刻在有限时间内达到一致。基于齐次系统稳定性理论和积分滑模控制理论设计了视线法向方向上的制导律，可保证多导弹击中移动目标且视线角在有限时间内收敛到期望值。仿真校验所设计的协同制导律在理想条件下可使有向拓扑下的多导弹从各自的期望方向同时击中移动目标。     

一种基于相对位置约束的双星定位方法

全球卫星定位系统(GNSS)需要至少4颗卫星才能提供持续、准确的定位结果。在有障碍物遮挡的城市街道、山谷或者存在压制式干扰的战场环境中,往往会出现可见星数量降低至4颗以下的情况。针对只有2颗可见星的定位问题,提出了通过相对位置变化对绝对位置进行解算的定位模型,证明了该模型的可行性,并研究了该模型的数值计算方法和几何搜索方法。仿真实验和实际跑车试验表明,在只有2颗可见星条件下,该方法的定位精度明显优于传统的INS/GNSS紧组合算法,并且对初始位置的精度不具有依赖性。     

拓扑优化与增材制造结合:一种设计与制造一体化方法

被誉为"第三次工业革命"的增材制造技术通过材料层层累加的方式实现结构的制备,这种独特的制造方式实现了高度复杂结构的自由"生长"成形,极大地拓宽了设计"空间",为新型结构及材料的制备提供了强大的工具。制造工艺的飞速发展往往需要设计技术的快速跟进,拓扑优化方法因其不依赖初始构型及工程师经验,可获得完全意想不到的创新构型,已成为结构创新设计的重要工具。因此,将拓扑优化(先进设计技术)与增材制造(先进制造技术)融合,发展面向增材制造的创新设计技术具有广阔的前景。从面向增材制造的优质结构构型设计以及考虑增材制造工艺约束的拓扑优化设计方法两个方面,介绍了现阶段基于拓扑优化方法所建立的结构创新设计理论,并指出未来研究的趋势。