Radiative and hybrid cooling of infrared space telescopes

The designs of cold space telescopes, cryogenic and radiatively cooled, are similar in most elements and both benefit from orbits distant from the Earth. In particular such orbits allow the anti-sunward side of radiatively-cooled spacecraft to be used to provide large cooling radiators for the individual radiation shields. Designs incorporating these features have predictedT _tel near 20 K. The attainability of such temperatures is supported by limited practical experience (IRAS, COBE). Supplementary cooling systems (cryogens, mechanical coolers) can be advantageously combined with radiative cooling in hybrid designs to provide robustness against deterioration and yet lower temperatures for detectors, instruments, and even the whole telescope. The possibility of such major additional gains is illustrated by the Very Cold Telescope option under study forEdison, which should offerT _tel5 K for a little extra mechanical cooling capacity.     

气膜冷却技术在火炮射击中的应用

炮管烧蚀一直是火炮性能提高所面临的一重大障碍，分析了火炮烧蚀的机理，提出了一种将冷却剂直接加于可燃药筒中的新型气膜冷却技术，从而在火炮内弹道性能有所提高的情况下提高了身管的使用寿命。     

多孔层板换热特性实验研究

本实验选取了一种典型结构的多孔层板作为研究对象 ,进行了换热特性实验研究。研究了改变冷热气流吹风比对该型层板冷却效果的影响。另外 ,对该型多孔层板的冷却效果沿中轴线顺气流方向的变化规律也作了深入的研究。并给出了层板局部 N ux 和冷却效果 E关于局部 Rex 及冷热气流吹风比 M的数学拟合表达式。     

喷口辐射热泄漏对延伸段壁温分布的影响

引入喷口的热辐射泄漏损失，导出辐射冷却推力室壁温的计算方程。分析表明，考虑与不考虑喷口热损失二者相比较，前者壁温约下降７０℃。本结果可为喷管延伸段材料的选取提供更为科学的理论依据。     

含硼富燃料推进剂燃烧机理研究

分析了AP包覆硼对含硼富燃料推进剂低压燃烧的影响。通过微热电偶测温和火焰单幅照相技术分别测试含硼富燃料推进剂燃烧波温度分布及燃烧火焰结构；根据气相温度变化的趋势，把该推进剂的气相区燃烧又分为三个子区，并给出了三个子区的厚度，分析了各区温度变化趋势不同的原因。用扫描电镜对熄火表面形貌进行观察，并通过能谱仪进行局部元素分析；该推进剂中断燃烧熄火纵向剖面的实验表明，该推进剂的燃烧表面存在“沉积层”；分析认为该“沉积层”由硼、积炭和少量的三氧化二硼组成，且基本惰性。燃面上“沉积层”的厚度与温度分布曲线中燃面上气相区的厚度基本一致，认为该推进剂的气相反应在燃面上的惰性“沉积层”中进行。     

Preparation,Growth Mechanisms and Characterizations of ZnSe Films via the Solvothermal Method

With diethylamine as a solvent, ZnSe films were formed on the Si substrate directly from zinc and selenium through the modified solvothermal method. The effects of holding temperature, deposition time and substrate surface treatment on the quality and morpholo-gies of the ZnSe films were investigated. The growth mechanism of ZnSe films was proved to be a layer-nucleation growth process, which was tied in with the Stranski-Krastanov (SK) model. ZnSe films were identified by the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), the scan-ning electron microscope (SEM), the X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) and the photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The results indicate that the modified solvothermal method with diethylamine as a solvent is suitable to prepare high quality ZnSe films.     

三通管复合胀形过程模拟

建立了三通管复合胀形的三维弹塑性有限元模型,研究了三通管液压复合胀形中,反压大小、加载路径以及加载时间等对胀形成形的影响。     

气动参数对后台阶三维缝隙换热影响的研究

针对涡轮叶片尾缘冷却结构特点,建立了后台阶三维缝隙结构气膜冷却特性试验台,测量了缝隙中心和肋中心下游换热系数的局部分布,研究了不同雷诺数Re(5000~15000)与吹风比Br(0.5~2.0)对换热系数的影响规律,试验结果表明:(1)出口的换热系数总体呈下降趋势,但在肋后中心线略有起伏;(2)随着Re的增大,换热系数增大,随着Br的增大,换热系数减小;(3)在靠近出口位置,由于热边界层与三维掺混特性流场的影响,使得换热变得复杂。     

PAAC-PAA的缓蚀协同作用机理

运用恒电位方波测Rp，稳态极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱等电化学测试以及红外光谱IR约分析方法，研究了盐酸溶液中聚丙烯酸和聚丙烯酰胺的复合物(PAC)对工业纯铁腐蚀的缓蚀协同作用，并探讨了PAC复合物的缓蚀协同作用机理。结果表明，PAC复合物吸附于金属—溶液界面并与Fe(Ⅱ)离子发生配合，生成的螯合物覆盖在铁的表面，阻滞了铁在盐酸中的阳极溶解过程。