碳基复合相变装置及在大热耗单机温控中的应用

碳基复合相变装置以高导热碳基复合相变材料为主要储能和导热载体,利用高导热膨胀石墨强化导热,运用相变材料的潜热实现热量的削峰填谷,可有效抑制短时大热耗单机的温升,减少单机非工作时段所需的补偿功耗,节省卫星的重量资源和功耗资源。主要介绍了一种高导热碳基复合相变装置,结合复合相变装置与卫星结构板优化的综合散热系统,用于解决星载短时工作的大热耗单机温度控制问题。通过理论计算与热仿真分析相结合,对复合相变装置进行了优化设计;通过开展专项试验对复合相变装置的热性能和空间环境适应性进行了充分验证;并在整星真空热平衡试验中,验证了复合相变装置对大热耗单机的温度控制效果。     

基于数值模拟的孔构件挤压强化疲劳寿命预测

为研究飞机机身7050铝合金孔构件挤压强化后的疲劳增益,采用数值模拟与试验研究相结合的方法,对孔构件的挤压强化过程、疲劳加载过程、疲劳裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展过程进行研究。通过数值模拟探究了孔构件在不同状态下危险截面的应力分布和对应的疲劳行为,分析了残余应力场对疲劳性能的影响,探讨了残余应力与疲劳裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展的内在联系,建立了孔构件挤压强化疲劳寿命数值预测模型。结果表明：孔挤压强化引入的残余压应力可以减小孔构件在受载时孔壁最大拉应力,改变疲劳裂纹的萌生位置,抑制疲劳裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展,提高7050铝合金孔构件疲劳寿命近2倍,疲劳寿命数值预测模型误差在12%以内。     

正十烷简化机理的构建及其在发动机燃烧数值模拟中的应用

发动机燃烧室中燃料的能量释放与燃烧特性对于发动机设计具有重要作用,为了预测发动机点火包线和贫/富油极限等关键性能,迫切需要发展航空燃料及其典型组分的高精度化学动力学模型。本文针对燃料典型组分正十烷,采用自主开发的机理生成程序ReaxGen构建了其燃烧详细机理（1499种组分、5713步反应）。为了验证机理的合理性与可靠性,在当量比Φ=0.5-2.0,压力P=1-80 atm的宽工况条件下进行了点火延迟模拟验证,结果表明本文提出的正十烷详细机理在较宽的温度、压力和当量比条件下具有较高的模拟精度。为获得适用于发动机燃烧模拟的高精度简化机理,本文基于误差传播的直接关系图方法简化了正十烷燃烧详细机理,得到包含709种组分、2793步反应的正十烷半详细机理。进一步在高温范围（1000-1500 K）,采用路径通量分析方法简化得到含77种组分、359个反应的骨架机理。获得的骨架机理能够合理描述正十烷在高温下的燃烧特性,且该骨架机理尺度规模可用于基于火焰面模型的燃烧数值模拟。基于此高精度的骨架机理模型,结合火焰面生成流形湍流燃烧模型,采用大涡模拟方法进行了航空发动机环形燃烧室单头部扇形的燃烧模拟,初步获得了非稳态流场结构,其中温度模拟结果与实验值基本符合。     

一种部分森林覆盖环境电波传播特性预测方法

针对部分森林覆盖环境中传播媒介的非均匀性,提出一种基于动态网格的抛物方程(PE)预测方法,该方法采用宽角PE法进行大区域电波传播特性预测。为平衡PE求解的准确性与时效性,引入动态网格技术。通过仿真算例,探讨了基于动态网格的PE法在部分森林覆盖环境电波传播特性预测中的有效性。结果表明:在计算精度相似的情况下,相对于均匀细网格,动态网格会大大减少PE所需的计算时间;而相比均匀粗网格,动态网格具有更高的计算精度。     

Kink mode m = 1 in magnetic tube with discontinuous magnetic field

In this paper, we study conditions of realization and stability of kink modes with azimuthal wave numbers $m=\pm 1$ in cylindrical plasma flex with twisted magnetic field and homogeneous current along its axis. We assume permanent axial magnetic field both inside and outside the flex, surrounded by currentless plasma. Azimuthal magnetic field decreases inversely proportional to the distance from the boundary beyond the flex. We derived dispersion equations for stable and unstable modes in approximation of “thin” plasma flex. The analysis of equations has been provided for the case of discontinuous axial magnetic field on flex’s boundary. Conditions of propagation of wave modes have been defined. It was shown, that unstable modes can be implemented in certain interval of longitudinal wavenumbers. Results can be applied for the interpretation of solar magnetic tubes behavior, using measurements, provided by spacecrafts.     

热载荷下热障涂层表面裂纹-界面裂纹的相互作用

针对热障涂层在热循环载荷下陶瓷层表面和氧化层/黏结层界面形成裂纹而导致涂层失效的问题,采用扩展有限元和内聚力单元建立陶瓷层表面裂纹与氧化层/黏结层界面裂纹相互作用的有限元模型,得到不同裂纹附近应力分布和开裂程度,分析了这2种裂纹之间的相互影响,结果表明:表面裂纹对界面裂纹影响较大,而界面裂纹对表面裂纹影响较小;氧化层几何参数以及材料参数对2种裂纹演变的影响研究结果表明:氧化层正弦幅值和厚度主要影响界面裂纹,在热载荷下,氧化层越粗糙,界面裂纹扩展速度越快。黏结层弹性模量主要影响界面裂纹扩展程度,而陶瓷层弹性模量主要影响表面裂纹扩展程度,对界面裂纹间接地产生较大影响。     

基于有向图模型的民机航空电子系统故障诊断

结合民机航电系统外场可更换单元或模块（LRU/LRM）的故障模式及影响分析（FMEA）、故障树 分析和实时性要求,设计了基于时间故障传播图（TFPG）的系统故障诊断元模型和领域模型,研究了基于逻 辑和时间一致性检验的故障诊断算法,使用后向推理和可信度度量列出候选故障集。以飞行管理系统为例,构 造了其功能失效的TFPG 模型,并通过仿真验证了基于TFPG 的诊断在滤除级联效应和关联驾驶舱效应中的有 效性。     

A tip clearance prediction model for multistage rotors and stators in aero-engines

Tip clearances of multistage rotors and stators greatly affect aero-engines’ aerodynamic efficiency, stability and safety. The inevitable machining and assembly errors, as well as the complicated error propagation mechanism, cause overproof or non-uniform tip clearances. However, it is generally accepted that tip clearances are difficult to predict, even under assembly state. In this paper, a tip clearance prediction model is proposed based on measured error data. Some 3D error propagation sub-models, regarding rotors, supports and casings, are built and combined. The complex error coupling relationship is uncovered using mathematical methods. Rotor and stator tip clearances are predicted and analyzed in different phase angles. The maximum, minimum and average tip clearances can be calculated. The proposed model is implemented by a computer program, and a case study illustrates its performance and verifies its feasibility. The results can be referred by engineers in assembly quality judgement and decision-making.     

Estimation of GPS instrumental biases from small scale network

With 4 GPS receivers located in the equatorial anomaly region in southeast China, this paper proposes a grid-based algorithm to determine the GPS satellites and receivers biases, and at the same time to derive the total electron content (TEC) with time resolution of 15 min and spatial resolution of 1° by 3.5° in latitude and longitude. By assuming that the TEC is identical at any point within a given grid block and the biases do not vary within a day, the algorithm arranges unknown biases and TECs with slant path TEC from the 4 receivers’ observations into a set of equations. Then the instrumental biases and the TECs are determined by using the least squares fitting technique. The performance of the method is examined by applying it to the GPS receiver chain observations selected from 16 geomagnetically quiet days in four seasons of 2006. It is found that the fitting agrees with the data very well, with goodness of fit ranging from 0.452 TECU to 1.914 TECU. Having a mean of 0.9 ns, the standard deviations for most of the GPS satellite biases are less than 1.0 ns for the 16 days. The GPS receiver biases are more stable than that of the GPS satellites. The standard deviation in the 4 receiver bias is from 0.370 ns to 0.855 ns, with a mean of 0.5 ns. Moreover, the instrumental biases are highly correlated with those derived from CODE and JPL with independent methods. The typical precision of the derived TEC is 5 TECU by a conservative estimation. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm is valid and qualified for small scale GPS network.     

微重力条件下固液相变过程空穴移动特性研究

为了解微重力条件下固液相变传热过程中空穴的移动特性,建立了一种基于温度排序算法的空穴模型,研究了空穴在不同初始位置的移动过程。结果表明,不同初始位置的空穴均沿着热流的反方向移动,在相同热边界条件下空穴的最终位置与初始位置无关。