机械臂的动态混合控制

本文研究当机械臂的终端受有约束时的控制问题,文中应用了动态混合控制方法。其中心内容是给出关于“任务规范投影算子”的概念。利用它首先将机械臂的动态方程解耦为两组方程,它们分别描述了运动与约束反力。在此基础上给出了机械臂的控制律,使闭环系统跟踪期望的速度与约束反力。     

空间机器人地面实验系统的一种鲁棒自适应控制方法

基于李亚普诺夫稳定性直接方法, 针对具有参数及模型不确定性的空间机器人地面实验系统, 提出了一种新的鲁棒自适应控制器。该控制器由三部分组成: 线性PD反馈项, 补偿动力学的自适应控制项, 补偿建模不确定性的鲁棒控制项。控制策略能有效地克服未建模的摩擦力和外部扰动以及吊丝配重系统未补偿掉的重力影响, 并且能保证全局最终一致有界。仿真表明了算法的可行性和有效性     

半自主多机器人竞技对抗决策系统研究

机器人竞技以其独有的动态性、实时性等特点,逐渐成为多智能体机器人系统的研究平台。以类人型机器人为硬件平台,设计了包含视觉子系统、决策子系统以及通信子系统在内的半自主机器人的竞技对抗决策系统。然后根据类人型机器人运动特性提出攻防策略模型,设计态势评估、路径规划等相关机器人对抗决策策略。最后通过实验证明了对抗决策系统的稳定性。     

回转起重机吊重摆振的机器人动力学模型

采用机器人动力学的方法建立了回转起重机工作装置的机器人操作手模型.该模型能够综合地反映回转起重机进行回转、变幅和起升运动时吊重运动的动态行为.采用递推的牛顿-欧拉方法,推导得到系统的动力学方程组,并对起重机进行回转作业时吊重摆振进行了计算机仿真.采用机器人动力学方法推导起重机吊重摆振动力学方程具有准确、方便、规律性强的优点.研究结果为起重机设计提供了理论依据,为吊重摆振的控制提供了一个较为精确的数学模型.     

自由飞行空间机器人基座位姿调整的模糊PD控制

由于自由飞行空间机器人处于微重力的环境,因此其在目标获取的过程中必然会出现因机械臂运动和环境影响而导致基座的复杂运动.本文设计了自由飞行空间机器人位姿调整的模糊PD算法,根据接收到的实时位置信息,空间机器人可以自主地调整基座的姿态和位置来校正位姿误差,保证目标的稳定捕获.利用开发的实验平台与传统的on/off式控制器进行了实验对比,验证了此方法在稳定性、控制精度和燃料消耗上都有较好的表现.     

Virtual Reality-based Teleoperation with Robustness Against Modeling Errors

This article investigates virtual reality (VR)-based teleoperation with robustness against modeling errors. VR technology is an effective way to overcome the large time delay during space robot teleoperation. However, it depends highly on the accuracy of model. Model errors between the virtual and real environment exist inevitably. The existing way to deal with the problem is by means of either model matching or robot compliance control. As distinct from the existing methods, this article tries to combine model matching and robot compliance control. On one hand, the status of the virtual robot is corrected by using the position sensor data from robot joints before and during teleoperation, and the pose of the virtually manipulated object is obtained with visual recognition technology. On the other hand, compliance control algorithms of impedance control based on joint torque sensors and hybrid position/force control based on a wrist sensor have been executed in order to eliminate the small sustaining model errors. A VR-based teleoperation system of satellite on-orbit self-serving is built up. In order to verify the proposed method, an experiment deploying the solar panel troubled by malfunction is carried out through teleoperation. It shows that the large model errors are removed with the model matching method and the adopted compliance control is robust against the remaining small model errors.     

四足机器人研究综述

凭借对恶劣地形的强适应性，四足机器人已经成为当今移动机器人研究的热点，其研究深具社会意义和实用价值。阐述了四足机器人的发展及研究现状,以具有代表性的四足机器人为据，从结构设计、控制方法和环境感知技术三个方面综合介绍了四足机器人系统,总结了四足机器人的关键技术及主要问题，最后给出了具有前瞻性的结论。     

Three-line structured light vision system for non-cooperative satellites in proximity operations

Adapter ring is a commonly used component in non-cooperative satellites, which has high strength and is suitable to be recognized and grasped by the space manipulator. During proximity operations, this circle feature may be occluded by the robot arm or limited field of view. Moreover, the captured images may be underexposed when there is not enough illumination. To address these problems, this paper presents a structured light vision system with three line lasers and a monocular camera. The lasers project lines onto the surface of the satellite, and six break points are formed along both sides of the adapter ring. A closed-form solution for real-time pose estimation is given using these break points. Then, a virtual structured light platform is constructed to simulate synthetic images of the target satellite. Compared with the predefined camera parameters and relative positions, the proposed method is demonstrated to be more effective, especially at a close distance. Besides, a physical space verification system is set up to prove the effectiveness and robustness of our method under different light conditions. Experimental results indicate that it is a practical and effective method for the pose measurement of on-orbit tasks.     

基于交替联合迭代的关节电机滑模控制参数整定方法

机器人关节电机的控制器参数整定是实现系统良好控制性能的前提。提出了一种基于交替联合迭代的关节电机滑模控制器参数整定方法。设计了永磁同步关节电机的电磁参数,并设计了PID电流环控制器和滑模速度环控制器结合的滑模PID控制器。利用工程整定方法初步整定滑模速度环控制器的参数；增设冗余PID速度环控制器,对其参数进行整定,以冗余PID速度环控制器和滑模速度环控制器作用于系统时的输出转速为迭代变量,交替选择速度环控制器参数进行联合迭代,完成滑模速度环控制器参数的整定。利用MATLAB/Simulink软件对系统进行仿真,证明方法具有较高的整定效率,可使关节电机控制系统获得良好的控制性能。     

Postcapture stabilization of space robots considering actuator failures with bounded torques

Space robotics is regarded as one of the most impressing approaches for space debris removal missions. Due to the residual momentum of debris, it is essential to stabilize the base rapidly after capture. This paper presents a novel control strategy for stabilization of a space robot in postcapture considering actuator failures and bounded torques. In the control strategy, the motion of the manipulator is not regarded as a disturbance to the base; in contrast, it is utilized to compensate for the limitation of the control torques by means of an inverse dynamical model of the system. Different scenarios where actuators are external mechanisms or momentum exchange devices have been carried out, and for actuator failures, both single- and two-actuator failures have been considered. Regarding to the performance of actuators, control torques are bounded. In cases that either single or two actuators have failed, the base can be stabilized kinematically when actuators are external mechanisms, but can only be stabilized dynamically when only momentum exchange devices are used. Finally, a space robot with a seven-degree-of-freedom manipulator in postcapture is studied to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed control scheme. Simulation results show that the whole system can be stabilized rapidly.