基于整体多项式识别法的高速铣削刀具系统的试验模态分析

根据试验模态分析的基本原理以数控加工中心刀具系统为测试对象,对其应用频响函数法(FRF)试验模态分析,采用整体多项式识别法来识别出模态参数,最后与矢量分析法和有限元仿真模型进行匹配,结果显示整体多项式识别具有较高的识别精度,得到了高速铣削刀具系统较精确的模态参数,为进一步研究高速加工刀具系统的动力学及动态响应特性提供了必要的理论和试验依据。     

First-order feasibility analysis of a space suit radiator concept based on estimation of water mass sublimation using Apollo mission data

Thermal control of a space suit during extravehicular activity (EVA) is typically accomplished by sublimating water to provide system cooling. Spacecraft, on the other hand, primarily rely on radiators to dissipate heat. Integrating a radiator into a space suit has been proposed as an alternative design that does not require mass consumption for heat transfer. While providing cooling without water loss offers potential benefits for EVA application, it is not currently practical to rely on a directional, fixed-emissivity radiator to maintain thermal equilibrium of a spacesuit where the radiator orientation, environmental temperature, and crew member metabolic heat load fluctuate unpredictably. One approach that might make this feasible, however, is the use of electrochromic devices that are capable of infrared emissivity modulation and can be actively controlled across the entire suit surface to regulate net heat flux for the system. Integrating these devices onto the irregular, compliant space suit material requires that they be fabricated on a flexible substrate, such as Kapton film. An initial assessment of whether or not this candidate technology presents a feasible design option was conducted by first characterizing the mass of water loss from sublimation that could theoretically be saved if an electrochromic suit radiator was employed for thermal control. This is particularly important for lunar surface exploration, where the expense of transporting water from Earth is excessive, but the technology is potentially beneficial for other space missions as well. In order to define a baseline for this analysis by comparison to actual data, historical documents from the Apollo missions were mined for comprehensive, detailed metabolic data from each lunar surface outing, and related data from NASA’s more recent “Advanced Lunar Walkback” tests were also analyzed. This metabolic database was then used to validate estimates for sublimator water consumption during surface EVAs, and solar elevation angles were added to predict the performance of an electrochromic space suit radiator under Apollo conditions. Then, using these actual data sets, the hypothetical water mass savings that would be expected had this technology been employed were calculated. The results indicate that electrochromic suit radiators would have reduced sublimator water consumption by 69.0% across the entire Apollo program, for a total mass savings of 68.5 kg to the lunar surface. Further analysis is needed to determine the net impact as a function of the complete system, taking into account both suit components and consumable mass, but the water mass reduction found in this study suggests a favorable system trade is likely.     

基于光谱知识的高光谱图像自动识别方法

针对传统高光谱图像矿物识别方法未能充分利用矿物光谱诊断吸收特征与矿物光谱知识、识别过程人为干预多等问题,提出了一种基于光谱知识的高光谱图像自动识别方法.该方法引入了基于光谱吸收特征与波形特征的光谱知识作为自动识别的标准,利用连续统去除操作增强光谱吸收特征,采取基于光谱主次吸收特征的识别决策策略,建立多级约束准则以提高识别精度及避免误识别,通过利用模拟数据进行算法精度评价并应用航空高光谱成像仪AVIRIS(Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer)数据进行应用分析与验证.结果表明:当图像信噪比大于200时,识别准确率可以达到80.3%,能够得到良好的识别结果以及较高的精度,并实现了基于高光谱图像的矿物自动识别.     

一种改进的三角形星图识别算法

传统的三角形星图识别算法冗余匹配多,对噪声鲁棒性差,为此,在传统三角形算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的算法。该算法思想如下：将观测三角形三个角距组成的平面的法向量向最优主轴投影,利用投影值进行索引,得到候选导航三角形后,利用角距进行匹配,若存在冗余匹配,再利用归一化的星等消除冗余匹配。实验结果表明：与传统的三角形算法相比,两者识别所需时间基本相同,但是改进的算法对噪声的鲁棒性更好,冗余匹配更少,识别率更高。改进的算法在质心偏差为0.5像素,星等噪声为0.5Mv时,识别率高达97.7%,传统三角形算法在质心偏差为0.5像素时,识别率仅为91.4%。     

基于马氏距离的半监督鉴别分析及人脸识别

针对人脸识别应用中人脸样本的类别信息不足以及人脸样本特征间存在相关性的问题,提出了一种基于马氏距离的半监督鉴别分析.该方法在图嵌入框架下利用马氏距离对数据集中带有类别信息的样本进行边界Fisher分析,不仅保持了类内的紧致性和类间的分离性,而且抽取出有利于分类的鉴别特征,同时将不带类别信息的样本用于描述数据集的几何结构,保留了样本间的局部邻域信息.与传统的特征抽取方法相比,该方法有较好的识别性能,在ORL,YALE及AR人脸数据库上的实验验证了该方法的有效性.      

基于阴影信息的多视角SAR图像识别

传统的SAR图像识别技术主要基于目标的电磁散射特性,而目标阴影信息对SAR图像目标识别具有重要的作用。若能获取同一目标在多个方位角下的多幅SAR图像,可改善目标识别的性能。针对该问题,本文提出了一种基于隐马尔可夫模型及阴影信息的多视角SAR图像识别技术。该技术提取目标阴影形状的链编码作为特征向量,并结合同一目标在不同方位角下的多幅图像的特征向量,生成该目标的特征序列,然后利用HMM对特征序列进行识别。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效实现SAR图像目标识别。     

基于小波变换和ICA的卫星测控信号盲识别算法

针对信息对抗中对非合作卫星测控信号识别的问题,提出一种小波变换和独立分量分析相结合的卫星测控信号盲识别算法.首先,基于小波变换去除噪声原理,对混合信号进行去噪处理;然后,采用独立分量分析的方法对去噪后的混合信号进行分离;最后进一步对分离后的测控信号作矢量归一和再去噪处理,得到卫星测控信号的最终估计.Matlab仿真结果表明:该识别算法可以较好地分离卫星测控信号,并且很好地保留了源信号的特征,具有良好的稳定性,收敛速度较快.     

驾驶舱语音控制指令的设计问题讨论

文章以机载语音控制的实时性、准确性、方便性的实际应用要求为出发点,深入讨论既适合于机载语音人机交互特性,又符合机载语音识别技术特点的语音指令的设计思想.提出机载语音控制的命令语言应该是建立在在现有汉语陆空通话语言语法及驾驶舱显控系统按键功能提示信息词汇基础之上,通过修改补充,进而形成一套有功能完整、富有层次的机载语音控制指令系统.文章同时提出,通过恰当选择控制指令的词汇读音和发音力度,能够为语音识别器提供更充分的识别信息量,提高声音信号的信噪比,有助于其在机载噪声和变异的条件下发挥出最佳的识别性能.     

基于对传过程神经网络的航空发动机转子仿真故障诊断研究

为更好地解决动态模式识别及故障诊断问题,将过程神经元引入传统对传神经网络的竞争层,提出一种对传过程神经网络模型。并将所提出的网络模型及其学习算法用于航空发动机转子仿真故障诊断中,并得到了满意的结果。     

Observational study of magnetic chirality of solar active regions

We present the evolution of magnetic field and relationship with the magnetic (current) helicity in solar active regions from a series of photospheric vector magnetograms obtained at Huairou Solar Observing Station near Beijing, and also longitudinal magnetograms by MDI of SOHO, white light and 171 Å images by TRACE and soft X-ray images by Yohkoh.The conclusions in the analysis of the formation process of complex and delta magnetic configuration in some super active regions are the following: (1) The magnetic shear and gradient provide the non-potentiality of the magnetic field of active regions reflecting the existence of electric current. (2) Some of large-scale delta active regions could be due to the emergence of highly sheared non-potential magnetic flux bundles from the subatmosphere with amount of magnetic helicity, in addition to the emergence of twisted magnetic ropes. (3) We also present some results on the study of the magnetic (current) helicity in solar active regions.