微型热敏传感器的结构设计及仿真分析

 分析微型热敏传感器测量原理并针对其典型器件结构的热平衡模型，提出以微型热敏传感器器件各部分热耗散功率和器件信噪比系数为主要器件结构设计的结构仿真计算目标。然后，结合微型热敏传感器衬底空腔结构对器件性能影响较大的特点，分析计算衬底结构没有空腔、有空气腔和有真空腔3种情况下的器件各部分热耗散功率，验证了有真空腔的衬底结构信噪比系数最高。最后，以实际微细加工工艺条件为基础，计算分析衬底真空腔深度在2 μm，4 μm和6 μm 3种条件下的器件信噪比系数，完成对微型热敏传感器器件结构尺寸的优化设计。     

低信噪比下快速分裂Bregman迭代ISAR超分辨率成像

针对低信噪比条件下的逆合成孔径雷达ISAR(Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar)超分辨率成像处理问题,提出了一种基于快速分裂Bregman迭代的ISAR超分辨率成像算法.首先,在正则化框架下,将方位分辨率的提高问题转化为一个正则化问题;其次,利用托普利兹矩阵的低位移秩特征和Gohberg-...     

Coastal sea level measurements using a single geodetic GPS receiver

This paper presents a method to derive local sea level variations using data from a single geodetic-quality Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver using GPS (Global Positioning System) signals. This method is based on multipath theory for specular reflections and the use of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) data. The technique could be valuable for altimeter calibration and validation. Data from two test sites, a dedicated GPS tide gauge at the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) in Sweden and the Friday Harbor GPS site of the EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) in USA, are analyzed. The sea level results are compared to independently observed sea level data from nearby and in situ tide gauges. For OSO, the Root-Mean-Square (RMS) agreement is better than 5 cm, while it is in the order of 10 cm for Friday Harbor. The correlation coefficients are better than 0.97 for both sites. For OSO, the SNR-based results are also compared with results from a geodetic analysis of GPS data of a two receivers/antennae tide gauge installation. The SNR-based analysis results in a slightly worse RMS agreement with respect to the independent tide gauge data than the geodetic analysis (4.8 cm and 4.0 cm, respectively). However, it provides results even for rough sea surface conditions when the two receivers/antennae installation no longer records the necessary data for a geodetic analysis.     

大气湍流对APD直接检测接收机抗噪声性能影响

针对以往分析湍流信道对系统抗噪声性能影响的不足,给出了一种基于APD直接检测接收机的湍流噪声的处理方法.在APD直接检测接收机模型的基础上,推导了其信噪比和曼彻斯特编码系统的差错概率,并详细分析了湍流对接收机的抗噪声性能影响.结果表明,增大接收天线孔径可以减弱湍流的影响,但在天线孔径较小时,增加发射功率并不能有效地提高...     

航空无线通信系统中的信噪比估计器设计

针对航空无线通信对信道估计的需求,设计了一种适用于航空无线信道的信噪比估计器,其采用分段方法在Simulink仿真中实现精确拟合,同时提出在FPGA中进行矩分析,并采用查表的方法输出信噪比估值。实验表明,该方法较传统方法具有高实时性和低复杂度的特点,满足航空无线通信的技术要求。     

Multi- GNSS reflectometry performance evaluation for coastal sea level monitoring: A case study in Antarctic Peninsula

Antarctica is a continent that crucial for studying climate change and its progression across time, as well as analyzing and forecasting local and global change. In this environment, due to the challenges caused by sea-level rise, storm surges, and tsunamis, sustainability is a critical concern, particularly for coastal regions. As a result, the long-term observations that will be conducted in Antarctica are critical for monitoring the adverse impacts of climate change. In recent years, many monitoring approaches, both space, and ground-based are performed to monitor sea/ice level trends in space-based scientific investigations conducted in and around the region. In the study, based on one year of observations from the Palmer GNSS Station, the GNSS Reflectometry technique was used to measure the sea level on the Antarctic Peninsula (PALM). GNSS Station observations were analyzed with a Lomb-Scargle periodogram to monitor sea-level changes, and results were validated with data from a co-located tide gauge (TG). The results show that the correlation between GNSS-R sea-level changes and tidal sea-level changes is found as 0.91.     

关于星载光学遥感相机信噪比指标的讨论

星载光学遥感相机信噪比是仪器的一个非常重要的性能指标,信噪比的大小对测绘高程定位精度有很大影响。文章通过计算机仿真实验定量研究了光学遥感相机信噪比与测绘卫星高程定位精度之间的关系,包括三维地物模型建立与模拟成像、特征点提取与匹配、高程值计算等。实验结果表明在计算机仿真得到的理想图像中,当图像调制传递函数值为0.15时,信噪比应大于35dB才能满足测绘高程定位精度的要求。考虑到遥感相机在轨运行时大气和真实场景的影响,光学遥感相机信噪比应大于40dB。     

统一S频段测控系统残余载波快速捕获方法

针对统一S频段(USB)测控系统中低信噪比、大频偏残余载波捕获速度慢的情况,提出一种残余载波快速捕获方法。根据残余载波的频域幅值特性,采用频域搜索的方法,进行快速傅里叶变换(FFT)频率估计,并使用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)结合芯片外部同步动态随机存储器(SDRAM)的方法,使残余载波在较低信噪比、大频偏的情况下被快速、准确捕获,可解决因FPGA片内资源有限而出现的大量数据存储缓慢问题。利用Xilinx的Vertix 4系列FPGA芯片在系统时钟频率为110MHz时对文章提出的方法进行验证。结果表明,该方法载波捕获精度高,系统稳定可靠。此方法已成功应用于卫星地面测控综合基带设备中。     

SDUV方法中组织振动信号提取算法比较

组织振动信号的提取是剪切波频散超声振动成像技术(SDUV)方法中的重要步骤.目前,SDUV方法中有两种常用的组织振动信号提取算法,正交解调法(QDM)和互功率谱法(CSM),但是未见比较这两种算法提取质量差异的相关研究.因此,构造了不同信噪比(SNR_U)的参数化仿真超声回波信号模型,分别使用QDM和CSM从超声回波信号中提取组织振动信号,比较了两种方法的提取效果与计算效率.实验结果表明,当SNR_U≥35 dB,两种算法在相同信噪比下提取出的信号所分离出的振动相位结果相近,标准差均小于1°,对于剪切波波速的计算结果没有太大影响.CSM的计算效率低于QDM的计算效率.因此,当SNR_U<35 dB,为了减小振动信号初始相位的提取误差,应该使用CSM提取组织的振动信号.当SNR_U≥35 dB,应该选择QDM提取组织的振动信号,以减少信号处理时间.本研究的发现有助于提高SDUV方法的检测效率.     

基于非抽取小波包变换的信号滤波算法

对航天测控信号进行滤波处理,有利于改善信号品质,提高系统的测量性能。针对航天测控信号中的差分单程测距(DifferentialOne-wayRanging, DOR)信标信号等侧音信号,提出了基于非抽取小波包变换（Un-decimatedWaveletPacketTransform,UWPT）的滤波改进算法。该算法以功率平坦度为准则,判断某一节点是否需要继续分解。改进算法克服了以能量聚焦度为准则时算法误判停止分解或多重分解算法复杂、计算量大等的缺点,同时解决了阈值不易确定的问题。仿真结果表明改进算法在降低算法复杂度的同时,滤波性能相对有所提高。最后采用改进算法对仿真信号和在轨卫星数据进行处理,结果表明滤波后仿真信号差分相位估计精度提高约3倍、实测数据差分相位估计精度提高0.72倍。