基于比例失效率模型的退化数据分析方法

利用产品的性能退化数据进行可靠性评估是一个解决失效寿命数据不充分的重要方法.在分析产品的失效率与失效阀值具有紧密相关性的基础上,通过引入比例失效率模型描述产品可靠性与失效阀值的关系,并根据产品寿命分布与退化量分布之间的关系建立了退化分析模型.在不假定物理退化轨迹模型和退化量分布的情况下,利用产品的退化信息获得产品在不同检测时刻和失效阀值下的可靠度,通过分布拟合方法获得未知参数的估计值,进而对产品进行可靠性评估.该方法不仅放松了模型的假设条件,也适于处理一些具有非平衡数据结构的退化数据,具有较广的适应性.最后,通过实例进行了不同方法的比较,验证了该方法的有效性.     

Markov随机跳变系统的传感器系统误差估计

 针对Markov随机跳变系统的系统误差估计问题,提出一种基于马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)和最大似然估计相结合的在线系统误差估计方法。利用最大似然估计给出系统误差等效后验概率分布函数,采用Metropolis-Hastings抽样方法从该概率分布函数中进行抽样;利用系统误差估计和状态估计互为因果的关系,采用期望极大化(EM)方法迭代估计出最优的系统误差;分别对时变和时不变系统误差场景进行仿真分析,结果表明,在考虑系统误差统计特性的同时,所提方法对解决目标运动模型难以建立情况下的系统误差估计问题具有可行性和有效性。     

Simulations of absorbed dose on the phantom surface of MATROSHKA-R experiment at the ISS

The health risks associated with exposure to various components of space radiation are of great concern when planning manned long-term interplanetary missions, such as future missions to Mars. Since it is not possible to measure the radiation environment inside of human organs in deep space, simulations based on radiation transport/interaction codes coupled to phantoms of tissue equivalent materials are used. However, the calculated results depend on the models used in the codes, and it is therefore necessary to verify their validity by comparison with measured data. The goal of this paper is to compare absorbed doses obtained in the MATROSHKA-R experiment performed at the International Space Station (ISS) with simulations performed with the three-dimensional Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy-Ion Transport code System (PHITS). The absorbed dose was measured using passive detectors (packages of thermoluminescent and plastic nuclear track detectors) placed on the surface of the spherical tissue equivalent phantom MATROSHKA-R, which was exposed aboard the ISS in the Service Zvezda Module from December 2005 to September 2006. The data calculated by PHITS assuming an ISS shielding of 3 g/cm² and 5 g/cm² aluminum mass thickness were in good agreement with the measurements. Using a simplified geometrical model of the ISS, the influence of variations in altitude and wall mass thickness of the ISS on the calculated absorbed dose was estimated. The uncertainties of the calculated data are also discussed; the relative expanded uncertainty of absorbed dose in phantom was estimated to be 44% at a 95% confidence level.     

非高斯杂波背景中距离扩展目标的盲积累检测器

在采用球不变随机向量(SIRV)建模的非高斯杂波背景下,研究了导向矢量失配或未知时距离扩展目标的检测问题。先假设导向矢量已知,采用广义似然比检验(GLRT)得到每个距离单元的归一化匹配滤波器(NMF)统计量,再将多个距离单元的统计量进行非相干积累得到扩展目标的NMF积累检测器(NMFI),然后通过最大化检测统计量的方法,结合特征值分解技术,对导向矢量进行估计,提出了距离扩展目标的盲NMFI(B-NMFI)。仿真分析表明:当导向矢量失配时,NMFI的检测性能优于GLRT;当导向矢量未知时,B-NMFI能有效地检测目标,并且对不同方位的目标具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于四线性分解的双基地MIMO雷达的角度和多普勒频率联合估计

研究双基地多输入多输出(Multiple-input Multiple-output, MIMO)雷达中的角度和多普勒频率联合估计问题,提出了一种基于四线性分解(Quadrilinear Decomposition)的离开角(Direction of Departure, DOD)、波达角(Direction of Arrival, DOA)和多普勒频率的联合估计算法。通过对接收端匹配滤波器的输出进行延迟操作,得到符合四线性模型的数据,根据四线性交替最小二乘(Quadrilinear Alternating Least Squares, QALS)进行迭代,得到方向矩阵和多普勒频率矩阵的估计,进而得到角度和频率的估计。该算法无需谱峰搜索,无需知道反射系数,可实现角度和频率的自动配对,且能用于非均匀阵,该算法的角度估计性能优于多维ESPRIT方法和三线性交替最小二乘(Trilinear Alternating Least Squares, TALS)方法。论文分析了所提算法复杂度,并推导了克拉美-罗界(Cramer-Rao bound, CRB)。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于MRPs/NPUPF的地磁/加速度计测量的姿态估计新方法

针对现有基于地磁/加速度计的姿态估计算法存在状态误差协方差阵的奇异值和需要准确已知当地地磁矢量的问题,提出了一种新的姿态估计基本方法。该方法采用修正罗德里格参数(MRPs)表示系统动态,消除了采用四元数法导致的状态误差协方差阵的奇异值问题;根据地磁场缓变的特性,将地磁矢量作为平稳过程加入到状态变量中,使得姿态估计不再需要准确已知当地地磁矢量。针对大初始误差和有色噪声对基本方法的影响,通过引入模型误差预测(NPF)和无迹粒子滤波(UPF)方法对其进行改进,提出了基于模型预测无迹粒子滤波(NPUPF)的地磁/加速度计的姿态估计新方法。仿真结果表明,NPUPF方法可在大初始误差和非高斯条件下实现高精度的姿态估计,提高了基于地磁/加速度计的姿态估计方法的可靠性和实用性。
     

基于极大似然的单传感器误差配准算法

对单传感器系统误差配准问题进行了研究,首先理论分析了传感器量测系统误差对固定目标探测定位的影响,给出了传感器运动将造成固定目标产生虚像做类似运动的结论;在此基础上,提出了一种基于极大似然的单传感器误差配准算法,该算法基于极大似然准则,利用运动传感器对固定目标虚像位置的多时刻跟踪滤波信息,构建对传感器量测系统误差的极大似然估计,并通过进一步迭代估计获得系统误差最终估计结果,从而能够利用位置未知的固定目标实现运动平台单传感器量测系统误差的精确配准。     

基于张量子空间的信号参数估计算法

针对低信噪比条件下多通道信号特征参数估计问题,提出了两种基于张量子空间的信号参数估计算法,分别是基于矩阵堆叠的张量分解算法和基于张量矩阵因子的联合算法。通过研究参数化信号模型、信号子空间旋转不变性和张量范德蒙分解原理,分析了多通道数据的三维张量数据模型的构建;矩阵堆叠的张量分解算法验证了张量高阶奇异值分解是矩阵奇异值分解的推广,矩阵因子联合算法进一步提高了低信噪比条件下的信号参数估计精度。仿真以信号频率和初相位的估计精度为衡量指标,验证了低信噪比的条件下,张量子空间信号参数估计算法要优于传统的矩阵子空间信号参数估计算法。
     

一种针对短码、周期长码直扩信号扩频序列盲估计方法

提出一种新的针对短码和周期长码直接序列扩频(DSSS,Direct Sequence Spread-Spectrum) 信号的扩频序列盲估计方法。将周期长码DSSS信号建模为多用户短码DSSS信号系统,根据接收信号相关矩阵最大特征值个数,判断一个PN周期内调制信息符号个数,依此盲估计信息速率,同时形成分段相关矩阵矢量。利用改进二阶统计盲辨识（SOBI,Second Order Blind Identification）算法盲估计多用户分段DSSS的PN序列,根据特定约束条件(如m序列、Gold序列)去分段相位模糊,最终形成周期长码PN序列。仿真结果表明该算法的有效性,且适应较低信噪比。     

Autonomous space target tracking through state estimation techniques via ground-based passive optical telescope

The presence of operational satellites or small-body space debris is a challenge for autonomous ground-based space object observation. Although most space objects exceeding 10?cm in diameter have been cataloged, the position of each space object (based on six orbital parameters) remains important and should be updated periodically, as the Earth’s orbital perturbations cause disturbances. Modern ground-based passive optical telescopes equipped with complementary metal-oxide semiconductors have become widely used in astrometry engineering, being combined with image processing techniques for target signal enhancement. However, the detection and tracking performance of this equipment when employed with image processing techniques primarily depends on the size and brightness of the space target, which appears on the monitor screen under variable background interference conditions. A small and dim target has a highly sensitive tracking error compared to a bright target. Moreover, most image processing techniques for target signal enhancement require large computational power and memory; therefore, automatic tracking of a space target is difficult. The present work investigates autonomous space target detection and tracking to achieve high-sensitivity detection and improved tracking ability for non-Gaussian and dynamic backgrounds with a simple system mechanism and computational efficiency. We develop an improved particle filter (PF) using the ensemble Kalman filter (KF) for track-before-detect (TBD) frameworks, by modifying and optimizing the computational formula for our non-linear measurement function. We call this extended version the “ensemble Kalman PF-TBD (EnKPF-TBD).” Three sequential astronomical image datasets taken by the Asia-Pacific Ground-Based Optical Space Objects Observation System (APOSOS) telescope under different conditions are used to evaluate three proposed TBD baseline frameworks. Given an optimal random sample size, the EnKPF-TBD exhibits superior performance to PF-TBD and threshold-based unscented KF with two-dimensional peak search (2dPS). The EnKPF-TBD scheme achieves satisfactory performance for all variable background interference conditions, especially for a small and dim space target, in terms of tracking accuracy and computational efficiency.