马赫配平系统在波音飞机上的应用及故障分析

对比分析了波音大型飞机B767和小型飞机B737马赫配平系统的工作原理,系统阐述了B737飞机马赫配平系统巧妙的设计构造、航线维护及波音MMEL(主最低设备放行清单)放行要求。     

Flutter analysis of hybrid metal-composite low aspect ratio trapezoidal wings in supersonic flow

An effective 3D supersonic Mach box approach in combination with non-classical hybrid metal-composite plate theory has been used to investigate flutter boundaries of trapezoidal low aspect ratio wings. The wing structure is composed of two main components including alu-minum material (in-board section) and laminated composite material (out-board section). A global Ritz method is used with simple polynomials being employed as the trial functions. The most important objective of the present research is to study the effect of composite to metal proportion of hybrid wing structure on flutter boundaries in low supersonic regime. In addition, the effect of some important geometrical parameters such as sweep angle, taper ratio and aspect ratio on flutter boundaries were studied. The results obtained by present approach for special cases like pure metal-lic wings and results for high supersonic regime based on piston theory show a good agreement with those obtained by other investigators.     

燃油初温对两相爆震性能影响的实验研究

为研究燃油初温对两相爆震性能的影响，在24mm内径爆震管中，以30~200℃的不同初温煤油为燃料，氧气为氧化剂，成功进行了10Hz的两相爆震实验。实验发现，随着燃油初温的升高，火焰锋面的稳态传播速度逐渐增大，爆震燃烧的稳定性逐渐提升，两相爆震峰值压力增大，起爆距离缩短。此外对不同燃油初温下的爆震燃烧尾焰观测表明，油温升高后，非稳态排气总压增大，发动机可获取的推力增大。     

V字形钝前缘激波反射迟滞现象

针对内转式进气道唇口在宽速域条件下面临的复杂激波干扰问题,将唇口模化为V字形钝前缘,采用数值模拟并辅以风洞实验,研究了典型V字形构型（根部倒圆半径R与前缘钝化半径r之比R/r=1,半扩张角β=18°）激波反射结构随来流马赫数Ma_∞的演变过程。结果表明,随着Ma_∞的增大或减小,V字形后掠前缘的脱体激波产生规则反射（Regular reflection,RR）和马赫反射（Mach reflection,MR）,并且两者的相互转变过程出现迟滞。初场为RR时,V字形根部产生大范围的流动分离和分离激波;随着Ma_∞由5.7逐渐增大至6.5,脱体激波的交点向下游移动并与分离激波的交点重合,使RR转变为MR。初场为MR时,马赫杆下游存在大尺度的反转涡对;随着Ma_∞由6.7逐渐减小至5.9,反转涡对不再影响脱体激波,使MR转变为RR。通过Ma_∞=6的风洞实验证实,在相同来流条件下存在RR和MR双解。基于对脱体激波交点、分离激波交点和反转涡对尺度随Ma_∞变化规律的认识,建立了RR?MR的转变边界。在双解区中,RR工况的壁面压力最大值约为MR工况的2~3倍,表明迟滞现象将导致唇口气动载荷突变。     

不同入口马赫数对超燃冲压发动机尾喷管的性能影响研究

针对采用多目标优化方法设计的超声速燃烧冲压发动机非对称喷管,采用RNGκ-ε湍流模型和有限体积方法数值求解有组分的守恒形式Navier-Stokes方程,数值模拟喷管不同入口马赫数条件下的喷管流场和性能.计算结果表明:喷管入口马赫数的变化会对喷管内流参数带来一定影响,导致喷管的推力和升力同时增大或减小,飞行器的配平性能...     

Airfoil Aeroelastic Flutter Analysis Based on Modified Leishman-Beddoes Model at Low Mach Number

Based on modified Leishman-Beddoes (L-B) state space model at low Mach number (lower than 0.3), the airfoil aeroelastic system is presented in this paper. The main modifications for L-B model include a new dynamic stall criterion and revisions of normal force and pitching moment coefficient. The bifurcation diagrams, the limit cycle oscillation (LCO) phase plane plots and the time domain response figures are applied to investigating the stall flutter bifurcation behavior of airfoil aeroelastic systems with symmetry or asymmetry. It is shown that the symmetric periodical oscillation happens after subcritical bifurcation caused by dynamic stall, and the asymmetric periodical oscillation, which is caused by the interaction of dynamic stall and static divergence, only happens in the airfoil aeroelastic system with asymmetry. Validations of the modified L-B model and the airfoil aeroelastic system are presented with the experimental airload data of NACA0012 and OA207 and experimental stall flutter data of NACA0012 respectively. Results demonstrate that the airfoil aeroelastic system presented in this paper is effective and accurate, which can be applied to the investigation of airfoil stall flutter at low Mach number.     

可压缩混合层密度梯度场特性的实验研究

利用纹影技术研究了不同对流马赫数（Mc=0．28,0．38,0．72）可压缩混合层密度梯度场的特性。由纹影图像可以看出：具有可压缩效应（高M。数）的混合层存在不同程度的摆动。将纹影图像对比以后还发现：当Mc〈0．3时,在可压缩混合层中发现了类似于Brown—Roshko的结构,混合层看不出明显的摆动;随着可压缩效应的增强（对流马赫数Mc〉0．3）,混合层开始摆动,并且随着对流马赫数的增大,混合层开始摆动位置向前移动。此外,还观察到不同对流马赫数下大尺度结构出现的区域有不同的特点。     

基于三维弯曲激波的宽域变马赫数乘波体设计分析

为改善常规乘波体布局的宽域气动性能,提出了一种基于复杂三维弯曲激波面的宽域变马赫数乘波体设计方法,其本质是将局部偏转吻切方法与“并联变马赫数”概念相结合,各流面内的设计马赫数不再保持不变,而可根据需求进行调整,以此提高乘波体的宽速域性能。该方法采用Bezier曲面直接指定所需三维激波形状,使得激波形状的选取更为灵活。结果表明,基于三维弯曲激波的变马赫数乘波体拥有更为均衡的气动与几何特性,更适于宽域飞行,且各流面内设计马赫数的离散单调性对此类乘波体性能有较大影响。相同条件下,马赫数7至12范围内设计的基于三维弯曲激波的变马赫数乘波体相较于吻切锥变马赫数乘波体具有更大的容积与更高的升阻比,但容积率有所下降。     

变马赫数条件下进气道边界层吹除法数值模拟

为了对超声速进气道内激波/边界层干扰控制进行研究,将进气道简化为平板/楔形体结构,用数值方法研究一段包线上吹除法抑制气流分离的性能变化趋势以及吹除气体总压、喷嘴高度对吹除性能的影响。研究表明,吹除法在一定马赫数范围内能抑制气流分离,马赫数超过设计点后,随着马赫数增大吹除性能降低。达到吹除效果后增大吹除压力和增加喷嘴高度不能提高吹除性能。随着来流马赫数增大,气流抗反压能力增强,气流分离减少。      

来流马赫数和余气系数对蒸发式火焰稳定器燃烧特性的影响

在亚音速高温气流实验装置中,使用拍摄OH自发光辐射的方法研究了蒸发式火焰稳定器的燃烧特性,分析了来流马赫数和余气系数对蒸发式火焰稳定器后反应流场的影响。通过对比火焰稳定模式,气流速度较低时火焰稳定性主要靠稳定器尾迹区中涡的生成和脱落控制,而气流速度较高时稳定器侧壁内缘出现的小反应区也是火焰稳定的重要因素。喷嘴的喷射条件对稳定器后的反应流场有重要影响,在油气比较高时,气流速度较低,出现回火,火焰悬停距离较小。在同样的气流速度下,降低余气系数,稳定器后的火焰形状发生本质变化,两个强烈反应区消失,反应区的边界变模糊。