广义有限元法计算飞机开口裂纹应力强度因子

机身开口圆角损伤可能逐渐形成裂纹从而严重影响飞机使用安全,为此对圆角裂纹进行剩余强度估算显得十分重要。使用Williams位移场广义有限元法进行裂尖单元加强,并对裂尖区域应用放射形网格划分技术,编写广义有限元法的MATLAB程序,研究并计算飞机舱门开口圆角裂纹的应力强度因子。结果表明：在裂纹分析上,广义有限元法较常规有限元法具有更好的适应性和更高的精度。     

一种舱段快速连接结构设计及承载能力分析

设计了一种新型的舱段间连接装置，分析了其在轴向力载荷作用下的受力情况，并以相对滑动作为失效判据给出了预紧力的计算方法，在此基础上分析了卡箍倾角、摩擦系数以及预紧力等对该结构承载能力的影响。研究结果表明：直径为1 200 mm的连接结构能够满足1 000 kN 轴拉载荷下的使用要求。卡箍与壳体配合面倾角、摩擦系数以及预紧力等均会对该连接结构的承载能力产生影响，其中预紧力的影响主要表现为预紧力增大，卡箍与上下壳体对接面的压力增大，产生的摩擦力增大，因此其轴向承载能力增大。此外，随着配合面倾角增大以及摩擦系数的减小，则会导致该连接装置承载能力产生显著下降。     

Mechanism of interconnected synchronized switch damping for vibration control of blades

The Synchronized Switch Damping (SSD) is regarded as a promising alternative to mitigate the vibration of thin-walled structures in aero-engines, especially for blades or bladed disks. The common manner is to shunt the switch circuit independently to a single piezoelectric structure. This paper is aimed at exploring a novel way of using the SSD, i.e., the SSD is interconnected between two piezoelectric structures or substructures. The damping mechanism, performance, and effective range of the interconnected SSD are studied numerically and experimentally. First, based on a dual cantilever beam finite element model, the time domain and frequency domain modeling and solving methods of the interconnected SSD are deduced and validated. Then, the influence of the amplitude and phase relationship on the damping effect of the interconnected SSD is numerically studied and compared with the shunted SSD. A self-sensing SSD control board is developed, and experimental studies are carried out. The results show that the interconnected SSD establishes an additional energy channel between the corresponding piezoelectric structures. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are different, the interconnected SSD balances the vibration level of each beam. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are the same, if the appropriate interconnection manner is selected according to the phase, the resonance peak can be reduced by more than 30%. When the vibration is in-phase/out-of-phase, the damping generated by the interconnected SSD in a cross/parallel manner is even more significant than the shunted SSD. Furthermore, this novel connection scheme reduces the number of SSD circuits in half. Finally, for engineering applications, we implement the proposed damping technology to the finite element model of a typical dummy bladed disk. A piezoelectric damping ratio of 13.7% is achieved when the amount of piezo material is only 10% of blade mass. Compared with traditional friction dampers, the major advancements of the interconnected SSD are: (A) it can reduce the vibration level of blades without friction interface; (B) the space constraint is overcome, i.e., the vibration energy is not necessarily dissipated independently in one sector or through physically adjacent blades, and instead, the dissipation and transfer of vibrational energy can be realized between any blade pair. If a specific gating circuit is adopted to adjust the interconnection manner of the SSD, vibration mitigation under variable working conditions with different engine orders will be expected; (C) designers do not need to worry about the annoying nonlinearities related to working conditions anymore.     

编织复合材料预制体铺覆成型的数值模拟

针对平面编织复合材料预制体在曲面铺覆过程中的局部变形,建立了三维有限元模型,利用商业有限元软件Abaqus模拟了预制体在铺覆成型过程中的纤维束变形规律。研究了0°和45°碳纤维织物在球面铺覆过程的变形过程和局部剪切变形。结果表明,纤维束之间的滑动和纤维束起皱是该预制体在球面铺覆过程中的典型变形模式。在0°织物的球形铺覆变形中,0°和90°纤维束的剪切变形角最小,45°方向纤维束的剪切变形角最大;在45°织物的铺覆变形中,0°和90°纤维束的剪切变形角最大,45°方向纤维束的剪切变形角最小。     

Static magnetic field analysis of hollow-cup motor model and bow-shaped permanent magnet design

The hollow-cup Permanent Magnet (PM) motors have the characteristics of low power consumption, and are widely used in the aerospace field. At present, the tile-shaped PMs used by hollow-cup PM motors have poor sinusoidal characteristics of the air gap magnetic flux density waveform, which will cause torque ripple. The existing method for improving the air gap magnetic flux density waveform is not very effective when applied to hollow cup, a special motor with no stator core and large air gap. A bow-shaped PMs structure is designed for the hollow-cup motor in this paper. First, the equivalent surface current method is used to calculate the analytical formula of the static magnetic field of the model. Then, the Finite Element (FE) method is used to calculate the static air gap flux density waveform of conventional tile-shaped PMs and bow-shaped PMs with different bow heights, and the corresponding harmonics and sine distortion are obtained by Fourier decomposition. The simulation results show that the bow-shaped PMs can effectively improve the sinusoidal characteristics of the static air gap flux density waveform. And the suitable bow height is determined. Finally, a prototype is made based on the suitable bow height for experiments, and compared with the analytical result and the FE result, and the accuracy and effectiveness of the bow-shaped PMs with the suitable bow height are verified.     

SiCp/Al复合材料切削仿真研究

文摘针对SiC_p/Al复合材料的难加工性,建立了二维有限元切削模型,利用ABAQUS完成复合材料正交切削的动态物理仿真。通过仿真与实验结果的比较,验证模型的准确性。同时,利用该切削模型分析颗粒分布形式、直径及刀尖圆弧半径对切削力的影响。结果表明,SiC颗粒的分布形式对切屑形态和切削力具有明显的影响,颗粒形成团簇不利于复合材料加工。切削力随颗粒直径的增大而减小,随刀尖圆弧半径的增大而增大。     

自紧工艺对CFRP气瓶应力水平的影响

文摘利用ABAQUS有限元软件,对铝内胆结构的CFRP气瓶进行了分析,根据其结构建立了模型,采用二维Hashin失效准则对纤维缠绕层进行了渐进失效分析,包含了4种失效模式,纤维及基体的拉伸和压缩失效。研究了不同失效模式的萌生和分布规律。对自紧原理对气瓶的影响进行了研究。分析得出只有当气瓶承载压力大于自紧工艺压力时,内衬PEEQ值才会在自紧工艺后继续发生累积,气瓶自紧力开始失效。     

可瓷化的纳米蒙脱土/ EPDM 绝热材料

根据纳米材料的优异阻燃性能和蒙脱土对聚合物材料的瓷化阻燃作用,提出了EPDM 橡胶绝热 材料新的研究方向碳层的可瓷化。在EPDM 橡胶中添加熔点较低的有机改性纳米蒙脱土后,蒙脱土在燃 气流的烧蚀与冲刷作用下发生熔融,形成的黏性液体可以与裂解碳层发生物理交联,阻挡裂解气体的挥发和碳 层的脱落,达到提高绝热材料抗烧蚀、抗冲刷性能和降低烟雾信号的目的。结果表明:蒙脱土与SiO2 的用量比 在13 ∶27 时各项性能最优,此时,烟雾信号比未添加蒙脱土的提高约50%。     

超声振动辅助切削对碳纤维增强树脂复合材料面下损伤影响的仿真研究

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）在传统加工（OC）过程中存在着切削力过大、表面质量不佳、面下损伤较为严重等问题。为了改善上述问题，本文提出使用超声振动辅助切削（UVC）工艺加工CFRP，通过仿真分析对切削力与面下损伤深度进行研究。结果表明：使用UVC加工CFRP可降低13%~80%的切削力，且纤维方向角对切削力影响较小。与OC相比，UVC切削0°、45°纤维方向角的CFRP时可以减少约50%的面下损伤深度；在切削90°、135°纤维方向角的CFRP时虽然没有改善面下损伤深度，但取得了较为平整的已加工表面以及较小的损伤区域。     

Effects of fiber orientation on tool wear evolution and wear mechanism when cutting carbon fiber reinforced plastics

The aim of the present paper is to reveal the influence of different fiber orientations on the tool wear evolution and wear mechanism. Side-milling experiments with large-diameter milling tools are conducted. A finite element (FE) cutting model of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is established to get insight into the cutting stress status at different wear stages. The results show that different fiber orientations bring about distinct differences in the extent, profile and mechanism of tool wear. Severer wear occurs when cutting 45° and 90° plies, followed by 0°, correspondingly, the least wear is obtained when θ = 135° (θ represents the orientation of fibers). Moreover, the worn profiles of cutting tools when θ = 0° and 45° are waterfall edge, while round edge occurs when θ = 135° and a combined shape of waterfall and round edge is obtained when θ = 90°. The wear mechanisms under different fiber orientations are strongly dependent on the cutting stress distributions. The evolution of tool wear profile is basically consistent with the stress distribution on the tool surface at different wear stages, and the extent of tool wear is determined by the magnitude of stress on the tool surface. Besides, the worn edges produce an actual negative clearance angle, which decreases the actual cutting thickness and leads to compressing and bending failure of fibers beneath the cutting region as well as low surface qualities.