Flutter analysis of an airfoil with nonlinear damping using equivalent linearization

The equivalent linearization method （ELM） is modified to investigate the nonlinear flut- ter system of an airfoil with a cubic damping. After obtaining the linearization quantity of the cubic nonlinearity by the ELM, an equivalent system can be deduced and then investigated by linear flut- ter analysis methods. Different from the routine procedures of the ELM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of limit cycle oscillation （LCO） is chosen as an active increment to produce bifurca- tion charts. Numerical examples show that this modification makes the ELM much more efficient. Meanwhile, the LCOs obtained by the ELM are in good agreement with numerical solutions. The nonlinear damping can delay the occurrence of secondary bifurcation. On the other hand, it has marginal influence on bifurcation characteristics or LCOs.     

Attitude control system design and on-orbit performance analysis of nano-satellite––‘‘Tian Tuo 1’’

‘‘Tian Tuo 1'(TT-1) nano-satellite is the first single-board nano-satellite that was successfully launched in China. The main objective of TT-1 is technology demonstration and scientific measurements. The satellite carries out the significant exploration of single-board architecture feasibility validation, and it is tailored to the low-cost philosophy by adopting numerous commercialoff-the-shelf(COTS) components. The satellite is featured with three-axis stabilization control capability. A pitch bias momentum wheel and three magnetic coils are adopted as control actuators.The sun sensors, magnetometers and a three-axis gyro are employed as the measurement sensors.The quaternion estimator(QUEST) and unscented Kalman filter(UKF) method are adopted for the nano-satellite attitude determination. On-orbit data received by ground station is conducted to analysis the performance of attitude determination and control system(ADCS). The results show that the design of ADCS for TT-1 is suitable, robust and feasible.     

Aeroelastic two-level optimization for preliminary design of wing structures considering robust constraints

An aeroelastic two-level optimization methodology for preliminary design of wing struc- tures is presented, in which the parameters for structural layout and sizes are taken as design vari- ables in the first-level optimization, and robust constraints in conjunction with conventional aeroelastic constraints are considered in the second-level optimization. A low-order panel method is used for aerodynamic analysis in the first-level optimization, and a high-order panel method is employed in the second-level optimization. It is concluded that the design of the abovementioned structural parameters of a wing can be improved using the present method with high efficiency. An improvement is seen in aeroelastic performance of the wing obtained with the present method when compared to the initial wing. Since these optimized structures are obtained after consideration of aerodynamic and structural uncertainties, they are well suited to encounter these uncertainties when they occur in reality.     

Friction moment analysis of space gyroscope bearing with ribbon cage under ultra-low oscillatory motion

This paper presents the model of calculating the total friction moment of space gyroscope ball bearings which usually work under ultra-low oscillatory motion and are very sensitive to the friction moment. The aim is to know the proportion of the friction moment caused by each frictional source in the bearing＇s total friction moment, which is helpful to optimize the bearing design to deduce the friction moment. In the model, the cage dynamic equations considering six degree-of-freedom and the balls dynamic equations considering two degree-of-freedom were solved.The good trends with different loads between the measured friction moments and computational results prove that the model under constant rate was validated. The computational results show that when the speed was set at 5 r/min, the bearing＇s maximum total friction moment when oscillation occurred was obviously larger than that occurred at a constant rate. At the onset of each oscillatory motion, the proportion of the friction moment caused by cage in the bearing＇s total friction moment was very high, and it increased with the increasing speed. The analyses of different cage thicknesses and different clearances between cage pocket and ball show that smaller thickness and clearance were preferred.     

Determination of thermal expansion coefficients for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites

In the present work, the coefficients of thermal expansion（CTEs） of unidirectional（UD）fiber-reinforced composites are studied. First, an attempt is made to propose a model to predict both longitudinal and transverse CTEs of UD composites by means of thermo-elastic mechanics analysis. The proposed model is supposed to be a concentric cylinder with a transversely isotropic fiber embedded in an isotropic matrix, and it is subjected to a uniform temperature change. Then a concise and explicit formula is offered for each CTE. Finally, some finite element（FE） models are created by a finite element program MSC. Patran according to different material systems and fiber volume fractions. In addition, the available experimental data and results of other analytical solutions of CTEs are presented. Comparisons are made among the results of the cylinder model,the finite element method（FEM）, experiments, and other solutions, which show that the predicted CTEs by the new model are in good agreement with the experimental data. In particular, transverse CTEs generally offer better agreements than those predicted by most of other solutions.     

Coupling damage and reliability model of low-cycle fatigue and high energy impact based on the local stress–strain approach

Fatigue induced products generally bear fatigue loads accompanied by impact processes,which reduces their reliable life rapidly. This paper introduces a reliability assessment model based on a local stress–strain approach considering both low-cycle fatigue and high energy impact loads.Two coupling relationships between fatigue and impact are given with effects of an impact process on fatigue damage and effects of fatigue damage on impact performance. The analysis of the former modifies the fatigue parameters and the Manson–Coffin equation for fatigue life based on material theories. On the other hand, the latter proposes the coupling variables and the difference of fracture toughness caused by accumulative fatigue damage. To form an overall reliability model including both fatigue failure and impact failure, a competing risk model is developed. A case study of an actuator cylinder is given to validate this method.     

DOA estimation and mutual coupling calibration with the SAGE algorithm

In this paper, a novel algorithm is presented for direction of arrival（DOA） estimation and array self-calibration in the presence of unknown mutual coupling. In order to highlight the relationship between the array output and mutual coupling coefficients, we present a novel model of the array output with the unknown mutual coupling coefficients. Based on this model, we use the space alternating generalized expectation-maximization（SAGE） algorithm to jointly estimate the DOA parameters and the mutual coupling coefficients. Unlike many existing counterparts, our method requires neither calibration sources nor initial calibration information. At the same time,our proposed method inherits the characteristics of good convergence and high estimation precision of the SAGE algorithm. By numerical experiments we demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the existing method for DOA estimation and mutual coupling calibration.     

齿轮-转子-滚动轴承传动系统的弯扭耦合振动

考虑齿轮啮合及扭转作用,建立齿轮-转子-滚动轴承传动系统的弯扭耦合非线性动力学模型.考虑输入/输出端、齿轮轴的弯曲/扭转振动等问题,推导了不平衡齿轮-转子-滚动轴承弯扭耦合的动力学微分方程.在考虑齿轮偏心和滚动轴承非线性接触特性的情况下,分析了转速、偏心量以及轴承游隙等参数对系统振动响应的影响规律.研究发现:由于弯扭耦合的作用,在主动轴中有着非常明显的从动轴转频成分.而在扭转振动中则各轴转频和啮合频率表现得更为清晰;滚动轴承有其自身的谐振频率,在系统设计阶段需要注意避开滚动轴承的变刚度频率对系统的影响;随着齿轮偏心量的变化对系统的时域和频域响应也有着很大的影响.另外,轴承游隙对系统的振动响应也有着较大影响,应选择合适的轴承游隙,以减小系统各处的振动幅值.     

气热耦合条件下涡轮静叶三维优化

为解决涡轮静叶尾缘烧蚀问题并提升气动效率,采用气热耦合优化的方法对该叶片进行优化,优化分为对叶型优化以及对弯叶片优化两部分。优化结果显示,对叶型进行优化时由于叶型变化以及冷气流量增加2.68%导致叶片平均温度降低4.15%,最高温度下降61.7K,气动效率提升0.17%;对弯叶片进行优化时,顶部正弯效果明显,冷气流量增加0.11%,叶片平均温度下降2.4%,最高温度下降10.6K,气动效率提升0.16%。通过分析,对于该径高比较小的叶片,无论是叶型变化还是弯叶片变化,低能流体由端区进入主流导致的端区损失降低和激波损失的降低是导致气动效率提升的主要原因;冷气流量加大以及端区二次流减弱是造成叶片温度场降低的主要原因。     

LHT-100霍尔推力器热特性模拟分析

为了对LHT-100霍尔推力器提出热设计优化措施,采用有限元仿真软件进行LHT-100霍尔推力器的稳态、瞬态及空间在轨环境模拟热分析研究,并通过热平衡试验进行了结果比对。分析及试验结果表明,处于工作状态时霍尔推力器的高温部件主要是放电腔、阳极和导磁底座,而受高温影响薄弱部件内线圈、气路组件的温度则分别达到了约401~421℃和141~381℃。热设计优化建议为,在放电腔与内线圈之间增加独立热屏结构后可以有效降低内线圈温度约80~90℃,在阳极气路组件上存在的热应力会是影响霍尔推力器可靠性的重要因素,需要在热设计中得到充分考虑。