Flutter analysis of an airfoil with nonlinear damping using equivalent linearization

The equivalent linearization method （ELM） is modified to investigate the nonlinear flut- ter system of an airfoil with a cubic damping. After obtaining the linearization quantity of the cubic nonlinearity by the ELM, an equivalent system can be deduced and then investigated by linear flut- ter analysis methods. Different from the routine procedures of the ELM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of limit cycle oscillation （LCO） is chosen as an active increment to produce bifurca- tion charts. Numerical examples show that this modification makes the ELM much more efficient. Meanwhile, the LCOs obtained by the ELM are in good agreement with numerical solutions. The nonlinear damping can delay the occurrence of secondary bifurcation. On the other hand, it has marginal influence on bifurcation characteristics or LCOs.     

冲击射流的彩虹纹影实验研究

超声速冲击射流在短距、垂直起降飞行器（S/VTOL）以及火箭发射等方面应用广泛,但是伴随着流场与噪声等诸多方面的问题。要研究这一类问题,必先研究这一类超声速流动的波系结构。文章利用彩虹纹影测量系统,对不同距离不同压比的冲击射流进行实验研究,得到了清晰的彩虹纹影实验结果,细致地呈现了冲击射流的波系结构。基于实验结果,对三种不同结构的冲击射流的波系结构进行了详细分析。发现喷嘴与挡板距离较大时,形成的射流结构与自由射流相似,壁面附近的射流区域不明显。随着距离减小,冲击射流出现壁面冲击区附近射流比较剧烈的现象。距离进一步减小时,出现滞止泡等结构,滞止泡的形状与压比相关。此外,实验表明冲击射流形成的马赫盘大小、形状与来流压比相关。     

Friction moment analysis of space gyroscope bearing with ribbon cage under ultra-low oscillatory motion

This paper presents the model of calculating the total friction moment of space gyroscope ball bearings which usually work under ultra-low oscillatory motion and are very sensitive to the friction moment. The aim is to know the proportion of the friction moment caused by each frictional source in the bearing＇s total friction moment, which is helpful to optimize the bearing design to deduce the friction moment. In the model, the cage dynamic equations considering six degree-of-freedom and the balls dynamic equations considering two degree-of-freedom were solved.The good trends with different loads between the measured friction moments and computational results prove that the model under constant rate was validated. The computational results show that when the speed was set at 5 r/min, the bearing＇s maximum total friction moment when oscillation occurred was obviously larger than that occurred at a constant rate. At the onset of each oscillatory motion, the proportion of the friction moment caused by cage in the bearing＇s total friction moment was very high, and it increased with the increasing speed. The analyses of different cage thicknesses and different clearances between cage pocket and ball show that smaller thickness and clearance were preferred.     

Ma5斜激波串动态特性实验研究

为加深对激波串动态特性的认识,进行了简单管道模型在Ma风洞中的实验研究,探讨了两种不同背压变化条件下斜激波串的流动结构和动态特性。背压的生成和控制通过模型尾部两块斜板的闭合运动实现。为了更好观察实验现象,实验过程中动态压力传感器和高速纹影实行同步采集。研究发现:随着背压升高,激波串逐渐前移,由对称形态发展为非对称形态,并持续整个移动过程。背压增加的速度对激波串前缘的前移速度没有影响。激波串在管道内的前移过程并不是一个恒定运动过程,而是存在有稳定前移和急剧前移两种状态,其特性与管道内流场结构、壁面压强分布、背压大小以及距离管道出口的距离等因素相关。在不同的背压条件下,管道内的斜激波串表现出不同的频谱特征,但在同一工况中,激波串区域内不同位置处壁面压强的频谱特性相似。在Case 1状态中,压强振荡主频为f512Hz在Case 2状态中,振荡主频为f578Hz次级频率约为f260Hz。两次实验的主频均大于Pipon.niau模型理论计算值,而Case 2中频率f和声学振荡频率相近。     

合成双射流矢量特性影响因素分析

为了拓展合成双射流作动器在无人机推力矢量控制方面的应用,需要对合成双射流作动器结构进行优化,提高其矢量性能。通过分析合成双射流的特性,引入了以射流冲程为基础的无量纲距离,建立了射流矢量角的计算方法,并以此为评价指标,采用单因素试验法分析了合成双射流作动器无量纲结构参数对射流矢量角的影响机制和规律。利用极差分析法获得了各参数对射流矢量角影响的显著程度:出口宽度出口长度出口间距出口深度腔体高度,提出了作动器结构参数设计的原则。     

自由射流中飞机进气道前方亚声速流场数值仿真研究

为了预测航空发动机高空模拟自由射流试验中飞机进气道-发动机组合体前方的亚声速流场特性,优化试验舱的气动设计,采用 CFD 方法在亚声速自由射流和真实大气飞行条件下对某战斗机进气道的外流场进行数值模拟。分析了进气道对前方气流压缩作用与飞行马赫数关系,对比和分析了分别在自由射流与真实大气中进气道前和进气道入口处的马赫数分布,确定了3种马赫数下进气道在自由射流中的最佳安装位置。比较发现,亚声速自由射流对真实高空大气飞行进行模拟,可以得到马赫数相似的流场。     

影响冷气掺混数值模拟精度的若干问题分析

对冷气掺混数值模拟中的计算网格、湍流模型、射流边界条件等影响精度的若干问题进行分析。在吹风比0.5下,对不同网格分布、湍流模型、射流边界条件进行数值模拟,所得结果与Ajersch的实验结果进行对比。结果表明,出口下游的网格分布可适当稀疏以减少计算量;在所研究的几种湍流模型中,k-ε模型所得结果与实验结果吻合得最好;考虑射流通道内流动能提高精度,在射流出口给定流场分布也可保证计算结果的精度。     

环形水射流流场的实验研究与统计分析

在11、12和15MPa射流压力下对环形自由水射流流场进行实验研究,以获得该射流场的能量特征与液滴尺寸分布规律。运用相位多普勒粒子测速（PDPA）技术对射流流场中的速度分布和液滴粒径分布进行测量,并对通过不同位置控制体的单个液滴行为进行了统计分析。研究表明：环形射流流束中心存在着较宽的高速区域,且射流能量沿着射流方向衰减缓慢;距离喷嘴的轴向距离越大,射流横断面上的速度与液滴粒径分布越平坦;射流压力对流束中心的轴向速度变化影响较大,对液滴粒径分布的影响不明显;射流流束中心区的湍流脉动较弱,但通过位于射流中心位置的控制体的液滴粒径谱较宽。     

Parametric analyses for synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoil

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoils. The preconditioned and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with a k x shear stream transport turbulence model are employed to accomplish the flowfield simulation of rotor airfoils under jet control. Additionally,a velocity boundary condition modeled by a sinusoidal function is developed to fulfill the perturbation effect of periodic jets. The validity of the present CFD procedure is evaluated by the simulated results of an isolated synthetic jet and the jet control case for airfoil NACA0015. Then, parametric analyses are conducted specifically for an OA213 rotor airfoil to investigate the effects of jet parameters(forcing frequency, jet location and momentum coefficient, jet direction, and distribution of jet arrays) on the control effect of the aerodynamic characteristics of a rotor airfoil. Preliminary results indicate that the efficiency of jet control can be improved with specific frequencies(the best lift-drag ratio at F+= 2.0) and jet angles(40 or 75) when the jets are located near the separation point of the rotor airfoil. Furthermore, as a result of a suitable combination of jet arrays, the lift coefficient of the airfoil can be improved by nearly 100%, and the corresponding drag coefficient decreased by26.5% in comparison with the single point control case.     

商用电推进的重要进展

１９９８年是电推进系统有大幅度前进的一年。４种类型计７８台电推力器发射入轨，包括６６台肼电阻加热电离式发动机，９台肼电弧加热等离子体射流推力器，２台氙离子推力器和１台氙霍尔推力器系统。摩托罗拉完成１５次铱星发射，６７颗铱星用Ｐｒｉｍｅｘ航天公司的肼电...