三维颅面复原技术研究综述

颅面复原是对人类的颅骨进行面部容貌复原的技术。颅面复原技术以头骨与面貌相互关系规律为科学依据，广泛应用于刑侦、考古等领域。三维颅面复原有两种主要方式，手工颅面复原和计算机辅助三维颅面复原。由于手工复原一般需要7至15个工作日，而且还不能重现皮肤纹理，从而导致质感缺乏，复原效果不理想。随着计算机技术的发展，出现了借助计算机技术复原颅骨面貌的虚拟三维技术即计算机辅助颅面复原技术。这里重点介绍了计算机辅助颅面复原技术的基本方法和进展情况。     

飞机液压系统管路设计分析

飞机液压系统管路设计，应考虑导管材料、直径和壁厚的选择及系统工作压力、介质流量与工作环境相适应，既要保证导管有足够的强度，又要使系统重量最轻，寿命可靠性高。这里从导管管径设计、壁厚确定、爆破压力和管路安装等方面对飞机液压管路系统的设计作了分析，提供了导管设计的计算方法。     

放置式涡流线圈测厚数值分析

本文利用ANSYS有限元分析软件进行数值模拟,针对非磁性金属基体上非导电覆盖层厚度的影响,建立了涡流检测线圈的二维模型,求解了涡流检测线圈的阻抗变化,并对其阻抗值进行了归一化。计算得到的仿真结果与实际的传感器特性是吻合的,从而为涡流检测的原理分析、传感器设计和实际应用提供了一种有效的分析方法和参考依据。     

CT图像环状伪影校正方法

CT图像环状伪影是由探测器像元响应不理想等因素造成的,它导致CT重建图像的降质,影响了图像的后续处理和量化分析.提出了一套完整的算法完成CT伪影校正:基于探测器像元通道响应不一致性的校正,通过偏置和增益校正对硬件响应不一致性进行补偿;基于投影正弦图的校正,通过数字滤波提取正弦图上残余的线状伪影,属于CT图像重建前的一种预处理校正方法;基于重建图像的校正,通过坐标变换将直角坐标系中的环状伪影变为极坐标系中的线状伪影进行处理,属于一种图像后处理方法.这些算法已经用于基于YXLON XRS232 9″图像增强器的CT重建,在保证图像质量的基础上环状伪影得到有效校正.      

基于ICT图像的航空发动机涡轮叶片壁厚尺寸精密测量方法

为保障航空发动机的可靠性,要求精确测量发动机叶片不同界面处的内、外表面法线方向的厚度。为此,研究了一种基于ICT图像的叶片壁厚尺寸亚像素级精密测量方法。它采用边界提取技术确定叶片内、外表面法线的方向;应用亚像素级边界定位技术,在该法线方向,定位壁厚的起始边界点和终止边界点;然后,计算两个边界点坐标位置差,获得以像素为单位的壁厚尺寸;最后,对像素尺寸进行标定,获得以毫米为单位的壁厚尺寸。试验结果表明,本文方法实际测量精度达到0.2个像素和0.042mm。     

铝7075介观尺度切削过程的仿真研究

基于位错机制的应变梯度(MSG)塑性理论,采用任意拉格朗日一欧拉ALE算法,建立了铝合金介观尺度切削过程的仿真模型,并通过试验对仿真模型进行了验证.结果表明:PCD刀具切削铝合金的最小切削厚度大致为刀具钝圆半径的0.25～0.3倍;材料应变梯度的存在使得材料表现出强烈的尺度效应,并且使单位切削力随着进给量的减小明显增大.     

芯子宽厚比对铝蜂窝夹层结构平压强度的影响

用正六边形代替实际蜂芯,推导了夹层结构的平压强度与芯子宽厚比的关系,并对八种规格的芯子平压强度进行统计,统计结果虽然与推导的结果有偏差,但规律却是一致的,即蜂窝夹层结构的平压强度随着芯子宽厚比d/t_s增大呈负指数减小。     

Feedrate scheduling method for constant peak cutting force in five-axis flank milling process

It is extremely important to select appropriate feedrates for the stable machining of parts with ruled surface in modern aviation industrial applications. However, the current studies take too much time to achieve this goal. Therefore, this paper presents an efficient feedrate optimization method for constant peak cutting force in five-axis flank milling process. The solution method of the instantaneous undeformed chip thickness (IUCT) is proposed using least squares theory with the cutter entry angle and feedrate as variables. Based on this method, an explicit analytical expression of the peak cutting force for each cutting point is established. Furthermore, a feedrate scheduling method is developed to quickly solve the appropriate feedrate under constant peak cutting force. To verify the proposed IUCT model, the fitting IUCT is compared with the accuracy data at different feedrates. Additionally, some experiments of five-axis flank milling are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the peak force model and the feedrate scheduling method. And the surface roughness before and after feedrate scheduling is detected. The results show that the proposed feedrate scheduling method can quickly adjust the feedrate and ensure constant peak force during machining. At the same time, the surface quality is kept at a high level.     

最小喉道面积比对多级轴流压气机性能影响

为了研究最小喉道面积比对多级轴流压气机性能的影响,开发了一套基元叶栅最小喉道面积比的计算程序。通过对基元叶栅进行最小喉道面积比计算,得到压气机叶片沿展向的最小喉道面积比分布,同时分析了转子和静子的最小喉道面积比分布规律。最后采用修改基元叶型的前段弯度比与最大厚度来改变基元叶栅的最小喉道面积比分布,分析了不同最小喉道面积比分布对多级轴流压气机性能的影响。结果表明,压气机的阻塞流量与最小喉道面积比成正相关,并且存在最佳前段弯度比使压气机设计点效率与压比达到最大,最大厚度变小能改善压气机整体性能。     

Performance investigation of intercooler operating in wet condition using distributed parameter model

The performance of a marine gas turbine intercooler operating in wet condition was evaluated.The intercooler was a cross-flow plate-fin heat exchanger that used air and pure water as its working fluids at the hot and cold sides,respectively.The heat transfer performance and the water vapor condensation were investigated for a relative humidity of the inlet air that reached 100% during warship cruise.The condensation of the water vapors increased the hot side outlet temperature by a certain amount,which could in turn influence the performance of the compressor downstream.The condensate film thickness and the void fraction were calculated based on an annular two-phase flow model.It is found that water vapor condensation in hot flow channel increases the outlet temperature with a maximum value of 7.3℃ in the case of 100% relative humidity.The calculated liquid film thickness reaches a maximum value of 4μm,which indicates negligible thermal resistance to heat transfer.The results of liquid film thicknesses also provide a qualitative prediction of the diameter distribution of the condensate water droplets.