地球同步轨道高压太阳电池阵充放电效应研究

地球同步轨道(GEO)高压太阳电池阵表面静电放电(ESD)引起二次放电可能导致太阳电池阵永久性短路损坏。文章主要针对GEO高压太阳电池阵充放电效应问题,重点分析了高压太阳电池阵表面ESD和二次放电产生的物理过程,并利用负高压偏置方法开展了GEO高压太阳电池阵表面ESD和二次放电地面模拟试验。试验验证了反转电位梯度电场是导致GEO高压太阳电池阵表面产生ESD的触发因素之一,同时得到了GaAs高压太阳电池阵样品表面产生ESD和二次放电的电压阈值。     

Influence of the 27-day solar flux variations on the ionosphere parameters measured at Irkutsk in 2003–2005

We present an investigation of the influence of the 27-day solar flux variations, caused by solar rotation, on the ionosphere parameters such as the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) and the total electron content (TEC). Our observational data were obtained with the Irkutsk Digisonde (DPS-4) located at 52.3 North and 104.3 East during the period from 2003 to 2005. In addition, we use TEC data from the Global Ionosphere Maps (GIM) based on Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. The solar radiation flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm (F10.7 index) is used as an index characterizing the solar activity level. A good correlation between observed ionosphere parameters and solar activity variations is found especially in autumn-to-winter season. We estimate the impact of the 27-day solar flux variations on the day-to-day variability and determine the time delay of the ionosphere response.     

全玻璃真空管型太阳热水器内流场的CFD模拟

全玻璃真空管型太阳热水器是技术相对成熟、应用最广的太阳能利用方式.通过对全玻璃真空管型太阳热水器内流场的计算流体力学模拟,研究了器内的对流换热过程,分析了真空管截面的流体流动速度分布,考察了真空管不同位置处的流体循环速度及箱体内水温对循环速度的影响.结果表明,随着流体温度的升高,器内出现随机的湍动涡流;涡流的存在将造成管内冷热流体的混和,对换热过程不利;在真空管内安置引流挡板将抑制流体的湍动,确保有序的热对流流动,提高对流换热效率.研究结果有助于剖析热水器内对流换热的机理,对技术革新提供参考.      

转动帆板红外热流计算及等效方法研究

目前的空间外热流分析软件和在航天器稳态热平衡试验中模拟的外热流都不包括帆板对航天器表面的红外加热,而有时帆板的红外加热并不小,应该叠加到模拟的外热流中.文章针对一种低轨道航天器,计算了帆板红外加热的强度,给出了在热平衡试验中叠加的方法,并讨论了在固定帆板方位的同时保持其红外热流等效的可能性.结果表明,可以精确计算帆板红外加热,对任意的帆板方位均可以保持其红外加热的等效.     

Solar Variability and the Earth's Climate: Introduction and Overview

Numerous attempts have been made over the years to link various aspects of solar variability to changes in the Earth's climate. There has been growing interest in this possible connection in recent years, spurred largely by the need to understand the natural causes of climate change, against which the expected global warming due to man's activities will have to be detected. The time scale of concern here is that of decades to centuries, and excludes the longer millennial scale in which orbital variations play a dominant role. The field has long been plagued by the lack of an acceptable physical mechanism by which solar variability can affect climate, but the discovery of variability in the Sun's total irradiance (the solar ``constant' of meteorology) by spacecraft instruments has pointed to a direct mechanism. Other less direct mechanisms that have been suggested involve variations in the Sun's ultraviolet flux and in the plasma outflow of the solar wind. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current state of the field, emphasizing the proposed mechanisms as an introduction to the more detailed papers that follow. The particular case of sea-surface temperature data will be used as an illustration.     

航天器柔性太阳翼最优PPF主动振动抑制方法

针对采用可变速控制力矩陀螺(VSCMG)进行柔性太阳翼振动抑制问题，提出一种基于求解非光滑 H∞ 综合问题的最优参数正位置反馈(PPF)控制方法。首先，建立考虑VSCMG和柔性太阳翼耦合的振动模型，得到了线性化的约束陀螺柔性板动力学模型，基于同位控制思想推导了以角度陀螺为测量装置的约束陀螺柔性板全阶状态空间模型。针对被控对象特性，确定最优PPF控制器的结构构型和待优化参数。进而，通过对约束陀螺柔性板全阶状态空间模型进行降阶、修正和加权处理，将PPF控制器参数优化问题转化为在PPF控制器构型约束条件下的非光滑H∞综合问题，并应用一阶下降算法进行寻优求解，实现最优PPF控制器的设计。该方法能够实现对各阶陀螺模态的独立控制，在保证快速性和鲁棒性的前提下，实现最优PPF参数的稳定高效求解。仿真结果表明，所提出的最优PPF控制方法能够快速、鲁棒地实现航天器柔性太阳翼的主动振动抑制。     

Observations of the local interstellar medium with the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer

Because of the strong absorption of extreme ultraviolet radiation by hydrogen and helium, almost every observation with the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) satellite is affected by the diffuse clouds of neutral gas in the local interstellar medium (LISM). This paper reviews some of the highlights of the EUVE results on the distribution and physical state of the LISM and the implications of these results with respect to the interface of the LISM and the heliosphere. The distribution of sources found with the EUVE all-sky surveys shows an enhancement in absorption toward the galactic center. Individual spectra toward nearby continuum sources provide evidence of a greater ionization of helium than hydrogen in the Local Cloud with an mean ratio of H I/He I of 14.7. The spectral distribution of the EUV stellar radiation field has been measured, which provides a lower limit to local H II and He II densities, but this radiation field alone cannot explain the local helium ionization. A combination of EUVE measurements of H I, He I, and He II columns plus the measurement of the local He I density with interplanetary probes can place constraints on the local values of the H I density outside the heliosphere to lie between 0.15 and 0.34 cm^–3 while the H II density ranges between 0.0 and 0.14 cm^–3. The thermal pressure (P/k = nT) of the Local Cloud is derived to be between 1700 and 2300 cm^–3 K, a factor of 2 to 3 above previous estimates.     

Detailed magnetic structure and stochastic threshold

Non-linear evolution of reconnection is too slow to explain-by itself-fast phenomena such as internal disruptions in tokamaks or flares in the solar atmosphere. It has been proposed that the change in topology could lead to field line stochastization, and hence to highly increased transport. An important objection to this idea is that the increase of transport coefficients should smoothly follow the amplitude of the perturbation, while the observations show a catastrophic transition. We have shown 1) that the shape of the structures (and not only their size or amplitude) evolve during non-linear evolution 2) that the stochastic threshold can be strongly influenced by the detailed shape. Therefore, sharp transitions can appear during the evolution, due to the combination of these two effects. We will first consider an idealized situation, namely the two-waves problem in slab geometry, for which we will study the effect of the separatrix shape on the stochastic threshold. In the second part, we will present an application to the internal disruption in tokamaks, with anm=1 perturbation in a toroidal magnetic configuration. In the last part, we will discuss possible applications of the studies on shape effects to the behaviour of trapped particles in structures of the solar atmosphere.     

Dissipative Solitary Kinetic Alfvén Waves and Electron Acceleration in the Solar Corona

Nonthermal electrons play a major role during solar flares since not only they contain a large amount of the released energy but also they provide important information of the flaring physics through their nonthermal radiation in radio and hard X-ray bands. In a recent work Wu (Phys. Plasmas 10 (2003) 1364) proposed that dissipative solitary kinetic Alfvén wave (DSKAW) with a local shock-like structure could provide an efficient acceleration mechanism for energetic electrons in a low-β plasma. In the present paper dynamical characteristics of the DSKAW acceleration mechanism in solar coronal plasmas are studied and its application to the acceleration of flaring electrons is discussed.     

Working group 3: Coronal streamers

The working group on coronal streamers convened on the first day of the 2nd SOHO Workshop, which took place in Marciana Marina, Isola d'Elba, 27 September –1 October 1993. Recent progress in streamer observational techniques and theoretical modeling was reported. The contribution of streamers to the mass and energy supply for the solar wind was discussed. Moreover, the importance of thin electric current sheets for determining both the gross dynamical properties of streamers and the fine-scale filamentary structure within streamers, was strongly emphasized. Potential advances to our understanding of these areas of coronal physics that could be made by the contingent of instruments aboard SOHO were pointed out.