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61.
Almost all theoretical and numerical models for the modulation of cosmic ray in the heliosphere are based on Parker's transport equation which contains all the important basic physical processes. The relative importance of the various mechanisms is however not established and may vary significantly over 22 years. The simultaneous measurements of solar wind parameters, heliospheric magnetic field properties and cosmic rays over a wide range of energies and positions in the heliosphere have brought the realization that modulation is much more complicated than what the original drift models predicted. In the process the sophistication of models based on solving Parker's equation has increased by orders of magnitude. A short review of the global modulation of cosmic rays is given from a theoretical and modelling point of view. 相似文献
62.
在高超声速风洞试验中,用普通纹影仪配上单次亚微秒火花光源,组成亚微秒火花聚焦阴影系统,同时采用延时同步器控制闪光时间,在同一次吹风试验中,用普通相机拍摄出振荡频率达3000Hz 的激波运动周期过程。文中提供的一组照片清晰地显示出激波、分离区及激波与边界层的干扰,可以看出激波传播状况,这对分析研究是很有用处的。 相似文献
63.
Marian Karlický 《Space Science Reviews》2006,122(1-4):161-168
An acceleration process in the collapsing magnetic trap, formed in the flare with cusp magnetic field topology, is described.
Computations show that high-energy electrons are accumulated in the central part of the collapsing magnetic trap due to an
increase of their pitch angles. The effect explains in a natural way the formation of X-ray loop-top sources. Then, using
the model with the collapsing trap and considering only the adiabatic heating process, a possible explanation for the motion
of the X-ray loop-top source observed at the beginning of some cusp-type flares is presented. 相似文献
64.
Oxygen Isotopes in the Solar System 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The oxygen three-isotope system has major advantages over the two-isotope systems of hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen because
different fractionation laws govern intraplanetary and interplanetary processes. This permits discriminating between solar
nebular processes and parent-body processes. Oxygen isotopes also serve as a sensitive natural tracer for meteorite classification.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
65.
The spectral and polarization properties of thermal cyclotron radio emission from a hot coronal loop with a current along the axis are computed. The magnetic field is supposed to have a component along the loop axis as well as a poloidal part due to the current, both components being of comparable magnitude. In this specific configuration a helical magnetic field is present with a remarkable minimum of its absolute value along the loop axis and a maximum at its periphery. The presence of one or two maxima of magnetic field value along the line of sight results in increasing optical thickness of the gyroresonance layers at appropriate frequencies in the microwave band and, therefore, in enhanced radio emission at those harmonics which are optically thin (for example,s=4). These cannot be observed in models with the commonly employed magnetic field configuration (longitudinal along the loop axis).We show that the frequency spectrum of thermal cyclotron radiation from a hot coronal loop with a helical magnetic field differs from that of the standards-component source (with smooth frequency characteristics and polarization corresponding toe-mode) in that plenty of fine structures (line-like features and cut-offs) are present and theo-mode is prevalent in some frequency intervals. The enhanced radio emission at high harmonics and the complicated form of frequency spectrum in the model considered imply that some microwave sources, which are poorly explained in traditional models of solar active regions, may be associated with helical magnetic fields in hot coronal loops. Computations allow one to indicate spectral and polarizational peculiarities of local sources testifying to the presence of a helical magnetic field. 相似文献
66.
67.
对PIO预测的A值及A准则的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从应用的角度详细地介绍了国外预测PIO时使用A值及A准则的情况。进行了计算公式的推导,讨论了准则在推导过程中所采用的假设及其适用情况,重新整理和校核了计算步骤和算例,以便于推广使用。 相似文献
68.
Wiesław M. Macek 《Space Science Reviews》2006,122(1-4):329-337
The question of multifractality is of great importance because it allows us to investigate interplanetary hydromagnetic turbulence.
The multifractal spectrum has been investigated with Voyager (magnetic field) data in the outer heliosphere and with Helios
(plasma) data in the inner heliosphere. We use the Grassberger and Procaccia method that allows calculation of the generalized
dimensions of the solar wind attractor in the phase space directly from the cleaned experimental signal. We analyze time series
of plasma parameters of the low-speed streams of the solar wind measured in situ by Helios in the inner heliosphere. The resulting spectrum of dimensions shows a multifractal structure of the solar wind
attractor. In order to quantify that multifractality, we use a simple analytical model of the dynamical system. Namely, we
consider the generalized self-similar baker’s map with two parameters describing uniform compression and natural invariant
measure on the attractor of the system. The action of this map exhibits stretching and folding properties leading to sensitive
dependence on initial conditions. The obtained solar wind singularity spectrum is consistent with that for the multifractal
measure on the weighted baker’s map. 相似文献
69.
Traditionally modeling for space science has concentrated on developing simulations for individual components of the solar
terrestrial system. In reality these regions are coupled together. This coupling can be as simple as the driving of the magnetosphere
– ionosphere – thermosphere system by the solar wind or as a complicated as the feedback of the ionospheric conductivity and
currents on the magnetosphere. As part of the CISM project we are beginning a concentrated effort to compressively model the
entire system. This approach includes chains of models. In the first chain physics based numerical models are utilized while
in the second chain empirical models are coupled together. The first half of this paper discusses the numerical modeling approach
by highlighting the coupling of pairs of regions within the system. In the second section we present results from empirical
models which are combined to make long term forecasts of conditions in the geospace environment. It is expected that a validated
and reliable forecast model for space weather can be obtained by combining the strongest elements of each chain. 相似文献
70.
Infrared spectroscopic observations of planets and Saturn's satellite Titan with the Infrared Space Observatory led to many
significant discoveries that improved our understanding on the formation, physics and chemistry of these objects. The prime
results achieved by ISO are: (1) a new and consistent determination of the D/H ratios on the giant planets and Titan; (2)
the first precise measurement of the 15N/14N ratio in Jupiter, a valuable indicator of the protosolar nitrogen isotopic ratio; (3) the first detection of an external
oxygen flux for all giant planets and Titan; (4) the first detection of some stratospheric hydrocarbons (CH3, C2H4, CH3C2H, C4H2, C6H6); (5) the first detection of tropospheric water in Saturn; (6) the tentative detection of carbonate minerals on Mars; (7)
the first thermal lightcurve of Pluto.
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries:
France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. 相似文献