基于静气动弹性效应的飞机型架外形修正方法研究

民用客机主要针对巡航外形设计,这就需要通过静气动弹性修正得到型架外形,保证型架外形在设计巡航状态飞行时,气动性能能够恢复到巡航设计状态。本文基于混合网格的N-S方程和结构柔度矩阵方法的耦合求解,发展了大飞机静气动弹性计算方法。根据静气动弹性变形过程的可逆性,结合飞行器质量分布、发动机推力以及巡航飞行重量等设计参数,发展了考虑静气动弹性效应的飞机型架外形修正方法。利用所发展的修正方法,获得了某大型客机巡航飞行的型架修正外形,同时分析了其它飞行工况的弹性气动特性,并通过算例比较验证了本文发展方法的有效性。     

基于形状记忆合金的仿壁虎柔性脚掌设计

壁虎通过脚掌独特的外翻机制可以迅速地在壁面实现黏附与脱附。本文通过对壁虎脚掌外翻脱附过程的仿生研究，模仿壁虎外翻脱附机理，以形状记忆合金丝为驱动器，设计仿壁虎柔性脚掌，开展力学分析与计算。基于形状记忆合金的驱动特性及仿壁虎机器人的运动步态，设计了仿壁虎柔性脚掌的控制策略。最后分析了脚趾有无外翻动作脱附时的受力情况，实验测试了柔性脚趾的弯曲与外翻脱附性能，验证了仿壁虎柔性脚掌设计的有效性和可行性。     

Enhanced ultrasonic total focusing imaging of CFRP corner with ray theory-based homogenization technique

Ultrasonic testing is effective in defect characterization and quality assurance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) components in the aerospace industry. Due to the coupling between complex shape and elastic anisotropy, the Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) and time-based Total Focusing Method (TFM) face significant challenges in the calculation of wave propagation. A wave velocity distribution model is established for a multidirectional convex corner of CFRP based on a homogenization theory and the above coupling effects are also incorporated. A ray-tracing method is proposed based on Dijkstra’s shortest path search algorithm. The predicted time of flight ensures that this technique, the homogenized TFM, could synthesize a high-quality focused image by post-processing on the full matrix capture data. Experiments on a laminate with three ?1.5 mm Side-Drilled Holes (SDHs) in different circumferential directions confirm a successful homogenized TFM imaging that all SDHs can be effectively detected. As compared to the isotropic scenario, the maximum positioning error is reduced to 0.12, 0.08, and 0.38 mm, and the Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) are increased by 2.1, 1.1, and 11.8 dB, respectively. It is suggested that the ray-tracing assisted TFM technique can effectively improve the imaging of corners in CFRP components.     

SRS-Net: Training object detectors from scratch for remote sensing images without pretraining

Most of the current object detection algorithms use pretrained models that are trained on ImageNet and then fine-tuned in the network, which can achieve good performance in terms of general object detectors. However, in the field of remote sensing image object detection, as pretrained models are significantly different from remote sensing data, it is meaningful to explore a train-from-scratch technique for remote sensing images. This paper proposes an object detection framework trained from scratch, SRS-Net, and describes the design of a densely connected backbone network to provide integrated hidden layer supervision for the convolution module. Then, two necessary improvement principles are proposed: studying the role of normalization in the network structure, and improving data augmentation methods for remote sensing images. To evaluate the proposed framework, we performed many ablation experiments on the DIOR, DOTA, and AS datasets. The results show that whether using the improved backbone network, the normalization method or training data enhancement strategy, the performance of the object detection network trained from scratch increased. These principles compensate for the lack of pretrained models. Furthermore, we found that SRS-Net could achieve similar to or slightly better performance than baseline methods, and surpassed most advanced general detectors.     

A point cloud deep neural network metamodel method for aerodynamic prediction

Aiming to reduce the high expense of 3-Dimensional (3D) aerodynamics numerical simulations and overcome the limitations of the traditional parametric learning methods, a point cloud deep learning non-parametric metamodel method is proposed in this paper. The 3D geometric data, corresponding to the object boundaries, are chosen as point clouds and a deep learning neural network metamodel fed by the point clouds is further established based on the PointNet architecture. This network can learn an end-to-end mapping between spatial positions of the object surface and CFD numerical quantities. With the proposed aerodynamic metamodel approach, the point clouds are constructed by collecting the coordinates of grid vertices on the object surface in a CFD domain, which can maintain the boundary smoothness and allow the network to detect small changes between geometries. Moreover, the point clouds are easily accessible from 3D sensors. The point cloud deep learning neural network, which employs re-sampling technique, the spatial transformer network and the fully connected layer, is developed to predict the aerodynamic characteristics of 3D geometry. The effectiveness of the proposed metamodel method is further verified by aerodynamic prediction and robust shape optimization of the ONERA M6 wing. The results show that the proposed method can achieve more satisfactory agreement with the experimental measurements compared to the parametric-learning-based deep neural network.     

航天器大尺度部件折叠展开原理分析及应用

围绕航天器向大尺度、远距离发展所涉及的大尺度部件在轨展开技术中新工艺、新材料、新结构等，对现有航天器大尺度部件的折展机构进行了统计与分析，系统梳理了在轨航天器折展机构的技术参数、结构与组成等。介绍了折纸艺术、自回弹材料与记忆合金等新工艺、新材料在航天器太阳帆板、天线等大尺度部件上的应用。重点分析并梳理了新型结构的特性及其工作原理，包括：充气展开式、单轴旋转式、径向扩展式、单元重构式、延长伸展式等。最后，结合即将开展的载人登月与月球基地建设、太阳系探测等深空探测任务，对在轨航天器大尺度部件的折展结构与机构的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Collaborative force and shape control for large composite fuselage panels assembly

This study proposed a force and shape collaborative control method that combined method of influence coefficients(MIC) and the elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-II) to reduce the shape deviation caused by manufacturing errors, gravity deformation,and fixturing errors and improve the shape accuracy of the assembled large composite fuselage panel. This study used a multi-point flexible assembly system driven by hexapod parallel robots. The proposed method simultaneously considers...     

Lift enhancement based on virtual aerodynamic shape using a dual synthetic jet actuator

The Dual Synthetic Jet Actuator (DSJA) is used to develop a new type of lift enhancement device based on circulation control, and to control the flow over the two-dimensional (2D) NACA0015 airfoil. The lift enhancement device is composed of a DSJA and a rounded trailing edge (Coanda surface). The two outlets of the DSJA eject two jets (Jet 1 and Jet 2). Jet 1 ejects from the upper trailing edge, which increases the circulation of airfoil with the help of the Coanda surface. Jet 2 ejects from the lower trailing edge, which acts as a virtual flap. The Reynolds number based on the airfoil chord length and free flow velocity is 250000. The results indicate that the circulation control method based on Dual Synthetic Jet (DSJ) has good performance in lift enhancement, whose control effect is closely related to momentum coefficient and reduced frequency. With the increase of the reduced frequency, the control effect of the lift enhancement is slightly reduced. As the momentum coefficient increases, the control effect becomes better. When the angle of attack is greater than 4°, the increments of lift coefficients under the control of DSJ are larger than those under the control of the steady blowing at a same momentum coefficient. The maximum lift augmentation efficiency can reach 47 when the momentum coefficient is 0.02, which is higher than the value in the case with steady blowing jet circulation control.     

Calculating the simultaneous effect of ion dynamics and oscillating electric fields on Stark profiles

We calculate hydrogen line shapes resulting from the simultaneous Stark effect of the plasma microfield and an oscillating electric field. Like laboratory plasmas, many kinds of space plasmas are affected by oscillating electric fields with a magnitude similar to that of the microfield. Here we focus on conditions where we expect that the effect of ion dynamics and oscillating electric are both significant. The combined effect of their dynamics on the quantum emitter is retained by a computer simulation coupled to a numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation. Our calculations are applied for conditions and transitions where significant changes in the line shape allow for a diagnostic of the plasma and oscillating field.     

Collaborative manufacturing technologies of structure shape and surface integrity for complex thin-walled components of aero-engine: Status,challenge and tendency

Presently, the service performance of new-generation high-tech equipment is directly affected by the manufacturing quality of complex thin-walled components. A high-efficiency and quality manufacturing of these complex thin-walled components creates a bottleneck that needs to be solved urgently in machinery manufacturing. To address this problem, the collaborative manufacturing of structure shape and surface integrity has emerged as a new process that can shorten processing cycles, improve machining qualities, and reduce costs. This paper summarises the research status on the material removal mechanism, precision control of structure shape, machined surface integrity control and intelligent process control technology of complex thin-walled components. Numerous solutions and technical approaches are then put forward to solve the critical problems in the high-performance manufacturing of complex thin-wall components. The development status, challenge and tendency of collaborative manufacturing technologies in the high-efficiency and quality manufacturing of complex thin-wall components is also discussed.