论以科技竞赛促进网络工程专业实践教学改革

本文论述了大学生科技竞赛活动对学校网络工程专业实践教学改革的促进作用。结合网络工程专业的教学实践,提出了重视科技竞赛,促进实践教学改革,提高学生学习兴趣和积极性的一些思路和做法。     

Reports to COSPAR from the International Lunar Exploration Working Group (ILEWG)

In accordance with its charter, the International Lunar Exploration Working Group (ILEWG) reports to COSPAR, and a summary was given at the Beijing COSPAR 2006 Assembly on ILEWG activities conducted since the previous COSPAR 2004 assembly held in Paris. This included reports from the 6th and 7th ILEWG International Conference on Exploration and Utilization of the Moon, held respectively in Udaipur, India on 22–26 November 2004 (ICEUM6) and in Toronto, Canada on 18–23 September 2005 (ICEUM7). We give in this issue of Advances in Space Research the “lunar declarations” from these ICEUM conferences, as well as for the ICEUM8 conference held in Beijing immediately after the 2006 COSPAR Assembly. One year after the COSPAR Beijing assembly, the 9th ILEWG International Conference on Exploration and Utilization of the Moon (ICEUM9), was held in Sorrento, Italy on 18–23 September 2007. We report also in this issue the “Sorrento Lunar Declaration” in advance of the ILEWG formal report to be given at the COSPAR Assembly to be held in Montreal, Canada in July 2008.     

Development of a thin section device for space exploration: Overview and system performance estimates

In this paper we present a conceptual design of a spaceborne instrument for the in situ production of rock thin sections on planetary surfaces. The in situ Automated Rock Thin Section Instrument (IS-ARTS) conceptual design demonstrates that the in situ production of thin sections on a planetary body is a plausible new instrument capability for future planetary exploration. Thin section analysis would reduce much ambiguity in the geological history of a sampled site that is present with instruments currently flown. The technical challenge of producing a thin section device compatible with the spacecraft environment is formidable and has been thought too technically difficult to be practical. Terrestrial thin section preparation requires a skilled petrographist, several preparation instruments that individually exceed typical spacecraft mass and power limits, and consumable materials that are not easily compatible with spaceflight. In two companion papers we present research and development work used to constrain the capabilities of IS-ARTS in the technical space compatible with the spacecraft environment. For the design configuration shown we conclude that a device can be constructed that is capable of 50 sample preparations over a 2 year lifespan with mass, power, and volume constraints compatible with current landed Mars mission configurations. The technical requirements of IS-ARTS (mass, power and number of samples produced) depend strongly on the sample mechanical properties, sample processing rate, the sample size and number of samples to be produced.     

A mars communication constellation for human exploration and network science

This paper analyses the possibility of exploiting a small spacecrafts constellation around Mars to ensure a complete and continuous coverage of the planet, for the purpose of supporting future human and robotic operations and taking advantage of optical transmission techniques. The study foresees such a communications mission to be implemented at least after 2020 and a high data-rate requirement is imposed for the return of huge scientific data from massive robotic exploration or to allow video transmissions from a possible human outpost.     

试析管理理论X和Y的人性误区

作者在多年研究西方人的哲学的过程中，发现西方管理学和管理理论存在人性论的错误，Ｘ理论和Ｙ理论就是人性论在管理理论中的具体表现。Ｘ理论和Ｙ理论在国内外有很大影响，不少企业依据它们制定了管理制度、管理规则和管理措施。作者运用马克思主义的人性观，深刻地剖析了Ｘ理论和Ｙ理论所持人性观的五大误区，揭露了人性论在理论上的荒谬性和在实践上的有害性。作者认为，对企业职工的管理，不能建立在先验的人性论基础上，不能以压制或服从人性来作为制定管理规则和措施的根据；科学的管理应该从被管理者的社会存在状况出发，反映和满足被管理者在物质和精神方面的需求，有助于调动被管理者的能动性、积极性和创造性，以实现提高企业劳动生产率的目的。     

计划评审技术在高机动靶机研制中的应用

本文通过计划评审技术(PERT)在高机动靶机研制中的成功应用,探讨了如何结合实际情况运用现代工程管理中的一些基本原理,从而达到降谯成本,提高效率的目的.文中对网络计划的时参计算,完工概率分析,静/动态评审提出了见解总结了经验,可供大型科研项目的科学管理作参考。     

Market-based approaches for controlling space mission costs: the Cassini Resource Exchange

Using economic incentives to control costs is a new concept for space missions. The basic tenets of market-based approaches run counter to typical centralized management techniques often utilized for complex space missions. NASA's Cassini mission to Saturn used a market trading system to assist the Science Instrument Manager in guiding the development of the spacecraft's science payload. This system allowed science instrument teams to trade resources among themselves to best manage their resources (mass, power, data rate, and budget). Thus, Cassini Project management was no longer responsible for adjudicating and reallocating resources that result from instrument development problems. Instrument teams were responsible for directly managing their resources and if they ran into a development problem it was their responsibility to resolve their problem by descoping or through the use of a 'resource exchange.' Under the trading system, instrument cost growth was less than 1% and the total payload mass was under its allocation by 7%. This result is in stark contrast to the 50%–100% increases in these resources on past missions.     

月球探测对推动科学技术发展的作用

论述了开展月球探测的科学意义。从月球探测推动科学的创新与快速发展、月球探测将推动航天技术水平的整体提升、月球探测将为社会的可持续发展作出贡献等方面阐明了月球探测对推动科学技术发展的作用。     

以崇尚科学为荣

社会主义荣辱观是科学发展观的重要组成部分,是正确世界观、人生观、价值观、道德观的生动体现。当前,我国正处于改革发展的关键时期,迫切需要建立与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的正确的社会荣辱观,科学的作用正是对这种精神力量的支撑和塑造。     

The Radio Frequency Subsystem and Radio Science on the MESSENGER Mission

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) Radio Frequency (RF) Telecommunications Subsystem is used to send commands to the spacecraft, transmit information on the state of the spacecraft and science-related observations, and assist in navigating the spacecraft to and in orbit about Mercury by providing precise observations of the spacecraft’s Doppler velocity and range in the line of sight to Earth. The RF signal is transmitted and received at X-band frequencies (7.2 GHz uplink, 8.4 GHz downlink) by the NASA Deep Space Network. The tracking data from MESSENGER will contribute significantly to achieving the mission’s geophysics objectives. The RF subsystem, as the radio science instrument, will help determine Mercury’s gravitational field and, in conjunction with the Mercury Laser Altimeter instrument, help determine the topography of the planet. Further analysis of the data will improve the knowledge of the planet’s orbital ephemeris and rotation state. The rotational state determination includes refined measurements of the obliquity and forced physical libration, which are necessary to characterize Mercury’s core state.