富燃料推进剂燃烧产物粒度参数的激光衰减法测量

介绍了激光衰减法测量粒子参数的基本原理.搭建了激光衰减法测量高铝含量富燃料推进剂实验系统,解决了燃烧环境下粒度测试的光学介入问题,对高铝含量富燃料推进剂中粒子参数进行测量,对所得的凝相燃烧产物进行电镜分析,并对电镜照片进行分析处理,计算出燃烧后凝相产物平均粒径,验证了激光衰减法测量粒子参数的可行性和合理性.     

光纤衰减测试系统的研究

在光纤通信中，光纤衰减是光纤捏的一项重要指标，通常需要测试光纤在某一较宽频段内各个波长的光纤衰减值，以选择合适的光源工作波长，笔者设计了一种新颖的双频检测光电系统，并采用单片机进行数据采集和处理。     

A new landing impact attenuation seat in manned spacecraft biologically-inspired by felids

When manned spacecraft comes back to the earth, it relies on the impact attenuation seat to protect astronauts from injuries during landing phase. Hence, the seat needs to transfer impact load, as small as possible, to the crew. However, there is little room left for traditional seat to improve further. Herein, a new seat system biologically-inspired by felids’ landing is proposed.Firstly, a series of experiments was carried out on cats and tigers, in which they were trained to jump down voluntarily from different heights. Based on the ground reaction forces combined with kinematics, the experiment indicated that felids’ landing after self-initial jump was a multi-step impact attenuation process and the new seat was inspired by this. Then the construction and work process of new seat were redesigned to realize the multi-step impact attenuation. The dynamic response of traditional and new seat is analyzed under the identical conditions and the results show that the new concept seat can significantly weaken the occupant overload in two directions compared with that of traditional seat. As a consequence, the risk of injury evaluated for spinal and head is also lowered, meaning a higher level of protection which is especially beneficial to the debilitated astronaut.     

对卫星网络轨道／频率协调中若干问题的探讨

以国际电联的相关建议为基础，就卫星网络轨道及频率协调中所碰到的若干问题，诸如天线增益，极化隔离，雨衰及ＳＣＰＣ保护比，给出了合理及可实现的估算方法，同时强调了功率密度在不同的应用场合，常有不同的定义方式。     

A noise attenuation method for medium-energy electron measurements in the radiation belt

From the viewpoint of plasma particle measurements in the radiation belt, background noise is a serious problem. High-energy particles penetrating the sensor shielding generate spurious signals, and their count rate often can be comparable to the true signals. In order to attenuate such background noise during medium-energy (5–83 keV) electron measurements, we propose the double energy analyses (DEA) method. DEA is conducted by a combination of an electrostatic analyser (ESA) and avalanche photo-diodes (APDs); ESA and APD independently determine the energy of each incoming particle. By using the DEA method, therefore, the penetrating particles can be rejected when the two energy determinations are inconsistent; spurious noise are caused only when the deposited energy at an APD is by chance consistent with the measured energy by ESA. We formulate the noise count rate and show the advantage of DEA method quantitatively.     

摄影棚雨喷水淋灭火系统的设计

在一般的雨淋喷水灭火系统设计中,都是给出了一般的设计原则和设计参数,而要达到因地制宜的应用效果,必须结合具体场合的实际需要,进行重新设计,为此给出的小型摄影棚雨淋喷水灭火系统就是一个设计实例。     

直升机抗坠毁座椅翻卷管工艺完善性分析

本文对抗坠毁座椅吸能器的作用，翻卷管吸能器的特点，原理及结构进行阐述。着重对翻卷管制造工艺过程之难点－拉薄和翻卷工序进行了研究，分析了拉薄和翻卷工艺过程中存在的问题，给出解决问题的方法，本文所采用的方法已成功地运用在直升机设计研究所研制的抗坠毁座椅中。     

雨水对飞机发动机的影响

雨水对飞机发动机影响较大,当飞机在大雨中降落时,可能会引发发动机熄火,但在飞机起飞时,能起到喷水加力的效应.为了对发动机防吞雨水停车和喷水增大推力研究提供参考,综述了CFM56-3型发动机投入使用后出现的一些吞雨停车故障,并总结了在发动机设计中采取的尽量减少雨水流入内涵的4点措施,介绍了喷水增大推力的机理和其在一些军、民用飞机发动机上的应用情况.     

飞行环境对火箭喷焰微波衰减特性的影响

本文采用一种近场和远场分区耦合、时间相关法和空间推进法相结合的方法计算分析了飞行环境对火箭喷焰微波衰减特性的影响。计算结果表明高空飞行时的喷焰温度低于地面环境下的喷焰温度。但是,由于市容工环境压力的降低使得喷焰的复合效应减弱导致自由电子数密度沿喷焰轴向衰减减慢,使得高空飞行时喷焰对微波的有效作用范围增大。由此可以推断实际飞行时喷焰的微波衰减比在地面环境时更为严重。     

空-地激光通信链路地面站选址大气信道传输因素研究

对影响空-地激光通信链路地面站选址的大气信道传输因素进行了理论及数值模拟分析、研究。研究表明：(1)大气信道对不同波长激光传输的影响程度不同；(2)能见度越好，大气衰减效应对激光传输的影响越小；(3)激光传输在海拔较高的大气分层中受到的衰减比海拔低的层段小；(4)0．53μm、0．8μm、1．06μm波段激光传输受气溶胶衰减的影响比分子吸收和散射更严重；(5)大气湍流效应会降低直接探测系统的信噪比，恶化传输光束的空间相干性，降低相干探测系统的信噪比。结合部分我国气象统计分析资料及地理分布特点，建议我国空-地激光通信链路地面站选址可多考虑大气衰减及湍流效应影响相对较弱的高海拔、少雾、多晴的西部乡村地区。