常值推力下面内轨道优化的一种改进间接法

针对常值推力下航天器面内轨道转移燃耗最省的轨道优化问题,利用极大值原理导出了最优轨迹下推力方向角应满足的控制方程,结合动力学方程建立了一种求解航天器面内最优转移轨道的改进间接法,及其在推力方向角调节能力受限条件下的应用方法。由于避免了协态变量微分方程组的求解,改进间接法相对于传统间接法降低了初值猜测的难度和计算量;与采用Gauss伪谱法求解相比,所建立的改进间接法求解结果精度更高,数值光滑性更好。仿真算例表明:推力方向角调节能力受限会改善推力方向角变化规律,降低推力方向角变化范围;就燃耗而言,推力越大燃耗越多,优化轨道节省燃耗更加显著。     

Onboard orbit determination using GPS observations based on the unscented Kalman filter

Spaceborne GPS receivers are used for real-time navigation by most low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. In general, the position and velocity accuracy of GPS navigation solutions without a dynamic filter are 25 m (1σ) and 0.5 m/s (1σ), respectively. However, GPS navigation solutions, which consist of position, velocity, and GPS receiver clock bias, have many abnormal excursions from the normal error range for space operation. These excursions lessen the accuracy of attitude control and onboard time synchronization. In this research, a new onboard orbit determination algorithm designed with the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was developed to improve the performance. Because the UKF is able to obtain the posterior mean and covariance accurately by using the second-order Taylor series expansion through the sampled sigma points that are propagated by using the true nonlinear system, its performance can be better than that of the extended Kalman filter (EKF), which uses the linearized state transition matrix to predict the covariance. The dynamic models for orbit propagation applied perturbations due to the 40 × 40 geo-potential, the gravity of the Sun and Moon, solar radiation pressure, and atmospheric drag. The 7(8)th-order Runge–Kutta numerical integration was applied for orbit propagation. Two types of observations, navigation solutions and C/A code pseudorange, can be used at the user’s discretion. The performances of the onboard orbit determination were verified using real GPS data of the CHAMP and KOMPSAT-2 satellites. The results of the orbit determination were compared with the precision orbit ephemeris (POE) of the CHAMP and KOMPSAT-2 satellites.     

基于SOC的卫星姿轨控系统通用电模拟器设计

在某型卫星地面电联试过程中,对该卫星的姿态轨道控制系统进行接口分析及信号统计,针对其接口复杂性、信号多样性的特点,提出采用片上系统(Systemona Chip,SOC)芯片对所有部件模拟器进行通用化设计。文中给出了该型卫星通用型电模拟器硬件平台设计方案以及陀螺、反作用轮和通用接口模块的硬件配置说明,针对该型卫星姿态轨道控制系统电联试要求,对所有部件按真实接口配置成电模拟器,形成通用接口箱、敏感器电模拟器箱和执行机构电模拟器箱,并通过CAN(Controller Area Network)总线接入闭环仿真,对太阳捕获、地球捕获及正常模式进行了仿真测试,仿真结果表明通用电模拟器满足设计要求,对其他卫星的地面电联试有很好的参考价值。     

Erosion of a Polyimide Material Exposed to Simulated Atomic Oxygen Environment

Oxygen plasma source generated by thermal cathode filament discharge has been used to study the erosion process of polyimide (PI) materials in atomic oxygen (AO) environment, and their mass loss, surface morphology and surface chemical compositions have been examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after exposure to incremental AO flux. The data indicate that the physical adsorption of AO at the samples' surface results in the increase of oxygen concentration when polyimide is exposed to AO flux. Then selective chemical reactions of groups of polyimide materials with AO yield volatile organic compounds, sample mass loss is on linear increase and carpet-like surface morphology forms. In the initial exposure to AO, the reaction occurs mainly between AO and carbon in specific location of aromatic ring, then the reaction rate of C=O groups gradually increases. After AO exposure, the oxygen concentration increases while nitrogen and carbon concentration decreases. Reaction rate of groups containing nitrogen is slower compared with carbon and oxygen.     

径向气体轴承-柔性转子耦合系统动力学研究

采用轨迹法对径向气体轴承(纯动压径向气体轴承、动静混合径向气体轴承)-柔性转子耦合系统的非线性动力学特性进行研究.建立柔性转子系统的多自由度模型,通过变方向隐式(ADI)方法实现瞬态气体润滑雷诺方程(含时间项)与转子动力学方程的耦合求解,通过数值仿真获得了系统在不同偏心质量作用下的非线性气膜力、轨迹图、相图、频谱图、能量谱图、分岔图、振型图及重力作用下轴承的平衡位置分布图.针对所采用的轨迹法的特点,研究了相应的非线性动力学参数获取方法.结果表明,轨迹法能够很好的描述径向气体轴承转子动力学特性及其气膜涡动现象,为径向气体轴承-柔性转子系统设计奠定基础.      

近地卫星编队构形保持方法

针对J2摄动和大气摄动导致低轨编队卫星构型破坏的情况,基于高斯摄动方程给出了以平均轨道根数为被控制量的脉冲控制模型。利用法向脉冲调整轨道倾角和升交点赤经偏差,在轨道上2个位置施加径向和切向脉冲调整其余轨道根数偏差从而修正卫星编队构形。最后通过数值仿真验证了算法的简单性、有效性。     

直接再入大气的月球返回轨道设计研究

直接再入大气的月球返回轨道是月球采样返回任务普遍采用的飞行方案。文章将月-地转移轨道设计与再入大气仿真相结合,通过两级修正策略和落点匹配使月球返回轨道既满足再入界面约束又满足再入点地理位置约束。两条分别采用弹道式和弹道-升力式再入的月球返回轨道的计算结果表明,此方法是有效的。     

嫦娥二号卫星轨道设计

嫦娥二号卫星的轨道设计是在充分继承嫦娥一号轨道设计的理论和方法的基础上进行的,并在此基础上做了适应性改进。轨道设计的主要内容包括参数选择、发射窗口、速度增量需求以及嫦娥二号卫星和嫦娥一号卫星不同点的对比,提出了整个飞行轨道的设计思想。     

一种星下点精确重访约束下的轨道设计方法

针对给定星下点的精确重访轨道设计,提出了一种已知两星下点精确重访约束下的圆回归轨道设计方法。分析了卫星的地心矢量同星下点地心矢量的关系,将精确星下点重访约束轨道设计问题转换为惯性坐标系内的一个动矢量同动坐标系内一个定矢量在惯性系下的重合问题。建立了不同轨道参数各自对应的目标函数,通过对目标函数零点的搜寻确定相应轨道参数,完成轨道设计。计算及仿真结果表明,所提出的构造目标函数并搜索零点的方法能够设计出满足约束条件的轨道,达到了预期目标。     

基于高斯伪谱法的化-电混合推进系统转移轨道优化设计

提出利用化-电混合模式推进系统完成地球同步卫星轨道转移任务,该推进系统极具应用前景,能够满足高有效载荷率、高入轨精度的工程实践需求。并针对基于该混合模式推进系统的转移轨道的优化方法展开研究,提出一种多阶段最优控制问题（OCP）的高斯伪谱法求解方法。该方法通过分段点的关联设置,将多个经高斯伪谱法转化而来的非线性规划问题转化为一个连贯的非线性规划问题(NLP)。两个不同算例的仿真过程与分析结果表明,该方法能够有效地解决多阶段非光滑连接轨道的优化问题,具有运算效率高、收敛性半径大、求解精度高等优点,可便捷地处理化 电混合模式推进系统的转移轨道优化设计问题。