小型热真空试验设备网络化集群测控技术

随着航天器部组件试验任务的日益增多,在人员少的情况下,高效率地完成型号任务的需求十分迫切。文章介绍了小型热真空试验设备网络化集群测控的方法与技术,以某小型热真空试验设备群为例,针对其接口复杂、数据量大、地理位置分散且要求集中管理的特点,详细阐述了采用混合B/S模式与C/S模式的网络化测控技术来实现小型热真空试验设备群集群测控的功能。该技术已在小型热真空试验设备的集群控制中得到了成功的应用。     

电子战对导弹防空系统性能影响的评估

在电子战对导弹防空系统性能影响的研究过程中,运用信息作战原理,构造基于概率的导弹防空系统性能评估模型,通过信息与火力分析平台获取电子战影响的仿真数据,对舰载导弹防空系统的信息与火力联合打击能力进行评估,初步的评估结果表明:信息和火力对打击能力的影响分别为61%和39%,信息因素比火力因素更为重要.     

新型带垫卡箍的研究

卡箍在飞机上的应用较为广泛,卡箍的质量问题也会影响飞行的安全.新型带垫卡箍结构形式优异、减震性能好,且橡胶垫片性能好、耐老化、耐燃烧,有效解决了现在军用飞机上带垫的夹紧卡箍橡胶垫片老化严重、减震性能差、拆卸、使用和维护不方便的问题,满足了军机的使用需求.     

HIRDES – The High-Resolution Double-Echelle Spectrograph for the World Space Observatory Ultraviolet (WSO/UV)

The World Space Observatory Ultraviolet (WSO/UV) is a multi-national project grown out of the needs of the astronomical community to have future access to the UV range. WSO/UV consists of a single UV telescope with a primary mirror of 1.7 m diameter feeding the UV spectrometer and UV imagers. The spectrometer comprises three different spectrographs, two high-resolution echelle spectrographs (the High-Resolution Double-Echelle Spectrograph, HIRDES) and a low-dispersion long-slit instrument. Within HIRDES the 102–310 nm spectral band is split to feed two echelle spectrographs covering the UV range 174–310 nm and the vacuum-UV range 102–176 nm with high spectral resolution (R > 50,000). The technical concept is based on the heritage of two previous ORFEUS SPAS missions. The phase-B1 development activities are described in this paper considering performance aspects, design drivers, related trade-offs (mechanical concepts, material selection etc.) and a critical functional and environmental test verification approach. The current state of other WSO/UV scientific instruments (imagers) is also described.     

Analytical approach to cosmic ray ionization by nuclei with charge Z in the middle atmosphere – Distribution of galactic CR effects

The effects of galactic and solar cosmic rays (CR) in the middle atmosphere are considered in this work. A new analytical approach for CR ionization by protons and nuclei with charge Z in the lower ionosphere and middle atmosphere is developed in this paper. For this purpose the ionization losses (dE/dh) according to the Bohr–Bethe–Bloch formula for the energetic charged particles are approximated in three different energy intervals. More accurate expressions for energy decrease E(h) and electron production rate profiles q(h) are derived. The obtained formulas allow comparatively easy computer programming. The integrand in q(h) gives the possibility for application of adequate numerical methods – such as Romberg method or Gauss quadrature, for the solution of the mathematical problem. On this way the process of interaction of cosmic ray particles with the upper, middle and lower atmosphere will be described much more realistically. Computations for cosmic ray ionization in the middle atmosphere are made. The full CR composition is taken into account: protons, Helium (α-particles), light L, medium M, heavy H and very heavy VH group of nuclei.     

Host–parasite interactions in closed and open microbial cultivation system

The study addresses interaction of bacteria and phages in the host–parasite system in batch and continuous cultures. The study system consists of the auxotrophic strain of Brevibacterium – Brevibacterium sp. 22L – and the bacteriophage of Brevibacterium sp., isolated from the soil by the enrichment method.

1.

Closed system. In the investigation of the relationship between the time of bacterial lysis and multiplicity of phage infection it has been found that at a lower phage amount per cell it takes a longer time for the lysis of the culture to become discernible. Another important factor determining cytolysis in liquid medium is the physiological state of bacterial population. Specific growth rate of bacteria at the moment of phage infection has been chosen as an indicator of the physiological state of bacteria. It has been shown that the shortest latent period and the largest output of the phage are observed during the logarithmic growth phase of bacteria grown under favorable nutrient conditions. In the stationary phase, bacterial cells become “a bad host” for the phage, whose reproduction rate decreases, and the lysis either slows down significantly or does not occur at all.     

复杂空冷叶片换热特性研究

为了深入了解空冷透平动叶的冷却机理和冷气流动特性,对某重型燃机透平动叶进行了气-热耦合数值模拟。结果表明,叶尖开孔可以促进冷气在蛇形通道中的流动,改善冷却效果;涡流矩阵通道中子通道的宽度与高度比减小会加大涡流矩阵通道中的流动阻力,从而改变冷却的效果,其宽高比与冷气进口条件存在一个最佳组合关系;涡流矩阵通道结构与叶尖之间的间隙会降低冷气的利用率。     

Advances in the Researches in Middle and Upper Atmosphere in 2006—2008

This paper summarizes the research results obtained by Chinese scientists and/or through international collaborations in 2006—2008.Specifically,this paper focus on the research fields in the middle and upper atmosphere,including developments in facilities and instruments,and the advancements in scientific issues.     

空间交会相对状态测定与控制

阐述航天器交会对接最终逼近段相对状态测定与控制算法。测定算法适用于计算机视觉系统,根据标志点构型几何特征,建立非线性测距方程组并构造加权目标函数。对非共面标志点构型（如3点T型与5点锥型）和共面标志点构型（如正方形、矩形、菱形）,目标函数均含标志点间距比率关系项;对共面构型,目标函数还包含共面条件项。按最小二乘法,采用Gauaa-Newton数值迭代法求解测距最佳值;对共面标志点四边形构型,利用对角线交点的虚影像坐标确定测距求解迭代初值。获得测距后即可应用四元数估算法确定相对姿态与相对位置。对相对姿态控制算法,给出相对姿态运动学与动力学方程,讨论相平面法与四元数反馈法的控制设计方法。相平面控制法应用常值推力,针对小姿态角机动的特点,将相对姿态通道解耦为三个独立的二阶子系统,设计相平面推力方向切换函数;四元数反馈法应用本征轴旋转的线性二阶系统瞬态响应特性,选择相对四元数与相对角速率反馈增益系数,确定控制力矩。对相对位置控制算法,将实际位移对标称位移之差作为控制变量,阐述所需速度增量最小的双冲量机动。大量模拟计算结果表明相对状态测定与控制算法是有效的。     

海天混杂闪烁背景下运动点目标检测新方法

针对海天混杂闪烁背景及单像素运动点目标的特征,设计了海天相连区域快速定位及基于模式分类的环域全向差分扩展中-均值滤波的预处理算法,二次进行全向差分均值滤波后,利用基于直方图的自适应阈值分割得到初步侯选目标点.形态学滤波保留有效的单像素侯选点,最后进行帧间侯选目标点之间的相关性分析和目标短时丢失的直接再搜索.仿真实验采用两个实拍场景中加入单像素仿真目标生成的220帧图像,结果为:信噪比≥0.5时单帧检测率为91%,3帧以上的连续检测中检测率达到95%;对照组22帧不含仿真点目标,3帧以上的连续检测虚警数为0.