SAR卫星用能量功率兼顾型锂离子电池研究

未来大功率合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星的发展对储能电池组提出了轻量化、倍率高及在轨寿命长等要求,而现有的SAR卫星用功率型锂离子电池产品已无法满足未来需求。通过优化正极材料和电池设计,加入功能电解液,在保证电池功率特性的同时,显著提升了电池的能量密度和循环稳定性。本文研制出的新一代能量功率兼顾型锂离子蓄电池,额定容量为25.0 Ah,初期放电比能量达到180.0 Wh·kg~(-1),2 C放电容量为0.2 C容量的91.0%,1 C-100%放电深度(DOD)和2 C-30%DOD循环性能优异,可以满足下一代大功率SAR卫星的供配电需求,且大幅降低了电源系统重量,提高了卫星储能系统的利用率和平台有效载荷能力。     

典型国产双极工艺宇航用稳压器单粒子闩锁 效应研究

通过对某国产双极工艺宇航用稳压器进行不同LET值重离子辐照试验，实时监测器件输出电压的变化幅度和器件供电管脚电流，准确评估了器件抗单粒子效应性能。研究结果表明器件发生单粒子瞬态效应阈值小于5 MeV·cm 2·mg -1 ，当辐照重离子LET值增加至37.37 MeV·cm 2·mg -1 时，诱发器件产生单粒子闩锁效应，器件供电管脚电流由6 mA陡增至24 mA。在分析重离子试验数据的基础上，借助脉冲激光获得了器件内部单粒子效应敏感区域位置和结构特征。分析认为由于芯片内部多个功能模块共用一个隔离岛，同一个隔离岛内的器件之间形成的寄生PNP管与隔离岛内NPN管形成了PNPN可控硅结构，当入射重离子LET值足够大时将诱发寄生PNPN结构导通，进入闩锁状态。采用模拟软件Spectre实现了电参数级的瞬态故障注入模拟，复现了该双极工艺结构下单粒子闩锁效应现象。     

三角形电极离子阱单向出射及高阶场影响的理论模拟研究

为了扩展离子阱质谱仪在航天领域中的应用范围，本文利用模拟研究方式来提高三角形电极线性离子阱（Triangular-electric linear ion trap，TeLIT）的离子检测效率。本文利用模拟软件SIMION和AXSIM进行理论模拟，采用施加不对称射频电压的方式，研究TeLIT离子单向出射，并通过改变电极角度α来探究高阶电场成分对离子单向出射性能的影响。实验结果表明：当α取目前报道的最优参数140°时，在射频电压差Δ=20%处，获得的离子单向出射率可达89.5%。而当α=135°时，获得的最高离子单向出射效率接近95%，优于TeLIT最优参数α=140°时的出射率。此外，本文还讨论了不同α情况下，获得最高出射效率时，模拟质谱峰的质量分辨率，结果表明扫描速率约为1 500 Th/s时，α=135°时获得的质量分辨率可达2 500。     

锂离子电池用PMMA凝胶/LLZT复合电解质的原位制备

固态电池具有高能量密度和高安全性等潜力,是未来航天器电源的重要解决方案。本文利用原位聚合方法,制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)凝胶/Li_(6.5)La_3Zr_(1.5)Ta_(0.5)O_(12)(LLZT)复合电解质。通过选择与陶瓷相润湿性好的甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体(MMA)进行原位聚合,改善了电解质内部陶瓷与凝胶的两相界面。室温下,此复合电解质具有6.6×10~(-4)S·cm~(-1)的离子导电率。进一步采用原位聚合法,制备了Li/复合电解质/Li对称电池。与非原位方法相比,原位聚合将电解质与金属锂的界面比电阻从1 572Ω·cm~2降至367Ω·cm~2,对称电池在0.085 mA·cm~(-2)下能够稳定循环400圈,显示出良好的循环稳定性。     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

三维控制图在锂离子电池性能监测中的应用

为了在锂离子电池加速退化试验中监测锂离子电池的性能状态,为分选提供依据,引用了质量管理中的控制图方法.在锂离子电池失效机理的分析中,获得了可以表明电池当前性能状态的两个关键参数:开路电压和放电容量,并讨论了它们的关系;采用放电容量和开路电压形式的二维平面点作为三维控制图的主体,通过相关试验数据使用SPSS数理统计软件确定控制上下限;最后使用MATLAB完成三维控制图,并叙述了几种控制图的分析方法.该结论适用于电池产品的验收和分选,也可为评估电池的寿命及可靠性提供依据.     

离子推进器C/C复合材料栅极研究

栅极是离子推进器的关键部件之一,直接影响推进器的可靠性和寿命。由于C/C复合材料栅极具有比较小的热膨胀系数和较强的耐溅射性,可以提高离子推进器的可靠性并延长其寿命。文章通过调研综述C/C复合材料栅极的研究和应用发展状况,针对目前我国离子推进器的研究发展水平,提出开展C/C复合材料栅极研究工作的初步思路。     

LIPS-200离子推力器寿命地面试验方案研究

在系统调研和分析国外用于地球静止轨道（GEO）卫星南北位置保持的离子推力器寿命试验方法和技术的基础上,结合我国通信卫星工作寿命需求和LIPS-200离子推力器产品研制现状,提出和论证了LIPS-200离子推力器地面寿命试验验证的目的和技术方案,讨论和分析了与寿命试验方案密切相关的内容。     

航天器用氢镍蓄电池钝化技术研究

为了减缓蓄电池组爆炸产生的空间碎片,文章对常在航天器上应用的氢镍蓄电池的钝化技术进行了研究。首先分析了氢镍蓄电池的爆炸机理,然后针对氢镍蓄电池组提出了安全性设计方法;进行了过充电、过放电等蓄电池爆炸试验;研制了一台氢镍蓄电池钝化装置,进行了蓄电池钝化消能试验。     

A fast tearing mode instability driven by agyrotropic electron pressure

The collisionless plasma environment at the current sheet of the Earth’s magnetotail is subjected to fast dynamic evolutions such as tearing instability. By considering agyrotropic pressure for electron and ion components of a collisionless plasma, we analytically investigate the dynamics of tearing mode instability, in which, breaking the frozen-in condition can either be provided by the electron inertia or by agyrotropic electron pressure. A set of linearized Hall-Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations describes the evolution of tearing mode in a sheared force-free field. The presented scaling analysis shows that if the plasma-β$\beta$ exceeds a specified value, then the main mechanism of magnetic reconnection process is the nongyrotropic electron pressure. In this regime, the role played by agyrotropic ion pressure inside the reconnection layer is out of significance. Therefore, the electron-MHD framework, adequately, describes the dynamics of tearing instability with a growth rate which is much faster compared to the cases with a dominated bulk inertia or a gyrotropic plasma pressure.