基于离散单元法的二维颗粒阻尼研究

针对自由端带空腔的L型悬臂梁建立了二维颗粒阻尼物理模型,发展并利用离散单元法(DEM)对二维颗粒阻尼进行了数值仿真,重点考查了二维空腔尺寸对颗粒阻尼的影响规律:①高度非线性的颗粒阻尼能够显著地抑制结构振动,阻尼值至少比金属材料阻尼大一个数量级;②当无量纲加速度Γ<1时,颗粒阻尼很小;当Γ＞1时,随Γ增加,颗粒阻尼先增大...     

考虑夹杂间相互影响的颗粒增强两相复合材料等效热膨胀系数预测

基于热-机械载荷联合作用下两相颗粒复合材料的热力学响应特性,推导得到了材料的宏观等效热膨胀系数,给出的表达式中完全考虑了夹杂之间的相互影响,因此适用于大体积分数的复合材料体系.此外,还给出了在热-机械载荷联合作用下代表性体积单元(Representative volume element,RVE)、夹杂和基体中体积均匀化应力场和应变场的具体分布形式.本文的预测结果与已有的实验数据吻合很好,说明了该模型的有效性.     

基于级联长周期光纤光栅的光纤布拉格光栅解调系统

提出了一种基于级联长周期光纤光栅的光纤布拉格光栅解调系统.级联长周期光纤光栅作为边沿滤波器,利用它的一个线性区监测单个光纤布拉格光栅传感信号.该系统具有结构简单、价格低等优点,但易受光源抖动及系统其他不稳定因素等带来的系统噪声的影响.为消除系统噪声带来的不利影响,对该系统进行了改进.改进系统利用级联长周期光纤光栅的两个线性区同时监测两个光纤布拉格光栅传感信号.分别用原系统及其改进系统对温度进行监测,实验的温度测量范围为-70～-115℃.原系统的灵敏度为0.49 mV/℃,温度分辨率为0.5℃;改进系统的灵敏度为0.86 mV/℃,温度分辨率为0.3℃.实验结果表明改进系统能有效消除系统噪声,提高系统的精度.     

基于动态失效率模型的可靠性实时预测

针对失效率函数可变的非线性动态系统,基于系统状态建立参数未知的动态失效率模型。将历史状态和Nelson-Aalen估计的失效率数据作为训练样本,利用具有快速且精确学习能力的径向基网络逼近动态失效率函数。针对系统的非线性,通过粒子滤波方法对运行中的状态进行在线估计,并由此确定随状态改变的系统失效率,从而对可靠性进行实时评估与预测。通过对带有疲劳裂纹增长的机械系统进行仿真,充分验证了这种可靠性预测方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于极大后验原理的非线性系统传感器故障估计

针对扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(Extended Kalman filter,EKF)计算复杂,粒子滤波算法动态跟踪能力差,单一无先导扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(Unscented Kalman filter,UKF)滤波精度低等缺陷,本文根据极大后验原理(Max-imum posterior principle,MPP),针对一类非线性系统设计了一种改进型的无先导卡尔曼故障估计滤波器来估计被控系统所发生的加性传感器故障。首先根据极大后验估计原理,推导出一种最优常值故障估计器。在此基础之上,推导出次优的加性常值故障估计滤波器,并对故障估计滤波器进行了无偏性证明。最后,将得到的理论结果应用于非线性倒立摆系统,仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于PLC的污水处理系统研究

应用COD、BOD在线检测仪、SS测量仪等国外先进的专用检测仪器实时采集各种生物化学指标和物理指标,采集的数据通过PLC运算后,控制执行机构的动作,利用偏差控制算法实现参数的闭环控制,保证系统要求的工艺参数,将曝气滤池法从实验室推向市场。     

Solar Energetic Particle Composition, Energy Spectra, and Space Weather

Recent progress in measuring the composition and energy spectra of solar energetic particles (SEPs) accelerated by CME-driven shocks is reviewed, including a comparison of the observed charge-to-mass dependence of breaks in SEP spectra with model predictions. Also discussed is a comparison of SEP and CME kinetic energies in seventeen large SEP events, and estimates of the SEP radiation dose that astronauts would be subject to once they venture outside the protective cover of Earth’s magnetosphere.     

Cosmic Rays at High Heliolatitudes

The Ulysses spacecraft has been the first to orbit the Sun over its poles and to explore the heliosphere at these high heliolatitudes. It has now completed two fast latitude scans, one at solar minimum and one at solar maximum. Since its launch in October 1990, this mission has led to several surprising discoveries concerning energetic particles, cosmic rays, Jovian electrons, the solar wind, the heliospheric magnetic field and the global features of the heliosphere. This review addresses mainly the propagation and modulation of cosmic rays and other charged particles, from both an observational and theoretical point of view, with emphasis on what has been learned from exploring the inner heliosphere to high heliolatitudes. This is done for solar minimum and maximum conditions. The review is concluded with a summary of the main scientific discoveries and insights gained so far from the Ulysses mission.     

商用现货器件在卫星中的应用

在卫星设计过程中,采用商用现货(COTS)电子器件替代传统卫星研制中昂贵的高等级产品来降低研制成本是行之有效的方法。文章总结了商用现货器件在卫星中应用时所面临的空间环境干扰,并针对单粒子翻转问题提出冗余设计和特定电路设计等策略。对当前国内外卫星中采用的各种COTS器件设计方法进行了论述,分析了各种提高商用现货器件可靠度方法的优缺点,并结合已经发射的BIRD、ARGOS等卫星和正在研制的容错结构,综述了COTS器件在卫星中的应用,分析了COTS器件的作用和使用方法。文章内容可为工程实践提供一定的参考。     

On the Differences in Composition between Solar Energetic Particles and Solar Wind

Although the average composition of solar energetic particles (SEPs) and the bulk solar wind are similar in a number of ways, there are key differences which imply that solar wind is not the principal seed population for SEPs accelerated by coronal mass ejection (CME) driven shocks. This paper reviews these composition differences and considers the composition of other possible seed populations, including coronal material, impulsive flare material, and interplanetary CME material.