聚乙烯在固体燃料冲压发动机中燃烧特性的数值研究

为准确模拟聚乙烯在固体燃料冲压发动机中的燃烧状态,估算了乙烯-空气两步反应中,相关组分的粘性、导热系数随温度的变化,并进行多项式拟合;同时使用UDF进行质量、动量、能量添加.数值计算的结果表明:燃面退移速率的计算误差不超过11.3％,其变化规律与已有实验相同;补燃室温度的误差不大于5.2％;补燃室温度随来流空气质量流率的增大而减小;高来流空气总温或低来流空气质量流率的工况下,燃料充分燃烧所需的补燃室更长;几何相似,其它条件相同时,小尺寸发动机内流场传向燃料表面的热流密度更大,燃面退移速率更高.     

考虑多种物理效应的钝锥俯仰稳定性参数影响分析

首先采用二阶ROE格式计算了非定常NS方程下高超声速钝锥体的俯仰阻尼导数,通过与文献中内伏牛顿法和实验结果对比验证了本文所采用非定常计算方法的正确性.同时采用二阶ROE格式及双时间步长、刚性旋转动网格技术等,数值分析了NS方程计算条件下高空高马赫数钝锥体模型的强迫振动非定常流场特征,并运用最小二乘法辨识出其俯仰静稳定性导数与俯仰阻尼导数.通过计算结果对比分析了不同高度(含稀薄气体效应)、Maxwell滑移边界条件及五组元化学非平衡模型对钝锥体模型非定常流动特征及静、动导数的影响.结果分析表明,本文所计算的钝锥模型在所假设强迫振动下的俯仰稳定性参数随高度变化剧烈,且考虑滑移边界条件与化学反应会使得俯仰力矩迟滞曲线形态发生较大程度改变.准确计算高空、高马赫数条件下飞行器俯仰阻尼导数应考虑化学非平衡效应和稀薄气体效应的影响,是否考虑这些物理效应会关系到飞行器静、动稳定的程度.     

‘Size effect’ related bending formability of thin-walled aluminum alloy tube

Aluminum alloy (Al-alloy) thin-walled (D/t > 20, diameter D, wall thickness t) bent tubes have attracted increasing applications in many industries with mass quantities and diverse specifications due to satisfying high strength to weigh ratio requirements of product manufacturing. However, due to nonlinear nature of bending with coupling effects of multiple factors, the similarity theory seems not applicable and there occurs a challenge for efficient and reliable evaluation of the bending formability of thin-walled tube with various bending specifications. Considering the unequal deformation and three major instabilities, the bending formability of thin-walled Al-alloy tube in changing tube sizes such as D and t are clarified via both the analytical and FE modeling/ simulations. The experiments of rotary draw bending are conducted to validate the theoretical models and further confirm ’size effect’ related bending formability. The major results show that (1) The anti-wrinkling capability of tube decreases with the larger D and smaller t, and the effect significance of t is larger than that of D even under rigid supports; (2) The wall thinning increases with the larger D and smaller t, and this tendency becomes much more obvious under rigid supports; (3) The cross-section deformation increases with the larger D and smaller t according to the analytical model obtained intrinsic relationship, while this tendency becomes opposite due to the nonlinear role of mandrel die; (4) The size factor D/t can be used as a nondimensional index to evaluate both the bending formability regarding the wall thinning and cross-section deformation.     

置氢对TA15钛合金的变形及切削机理影响

为研究置氢处理对TA15钛合金变形及切削机理的影响,利用拉伸试验和车削测力试验对比不同置氢量下该合金的力学行为、切削力、锯齿切屑显微组织特征的差异.结果表明,高置氢量合金的屈强比减小,塑性提高,加工硬化严重;置氢促进了热软化效应的发生,氢含量越高,引起切削力下降的临界切削速度越低;同时从未置氢和低置氢组的锯齿切屑内能够...     

采用正弯静叶的压气机在不同轴向间隙下时序效应的实验

实验研究了一台采用正弯静叶的低速压气机在不同轴向间隙下的时序效应,详细测量了二级静叶出口的横截面流场.实验结果表明:随着轴向间隙的减小,时序效应未见明显变化,压气机扩压能力增强,输入扭矩随之增加,效率则呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,表明存在最佳周向间隙,同时喘振裕度有所下降.     

基于霍耳效应的气敏传感器的研制

利用霍耳效应成功地研制了WO3半导体气敏传感器.这种新型传感器不仅可以根据需要输出几毫伏至几十毫伏甚至几百毫伏的直流电压,而且具有其它半导体传感器所没有的优点--无需另外加热.在实验中对NO2气体进行检测,结果表明:传感器的输出霍耳电动势在几毫伏到几百毫伏之间,且随待测气体浓度变化而变化.因此,利用霍耳效应制作气敏传感器是一条完全可行的新思路.     

Remotely sensed thermal information applied to urban climate analysis

Urban heat island (UHI) effects on the ten most populated cities of Hungary, including the Budapest agglomeration area, were analyzed using remotely sensed data. Day- and night-time surface temperature time series observed by sensor MODIS on satellite Terra were used to determine UHI intensities. UHI intensity was defined as the difference in spatially averaged surface temperatures between urban and surrounding rural pixels. Spatial structures of UHIs were determined and compared for different seasons and macrocirculation conditions.     

动力效应对民机起飞构型气动特性影响的数值研究

采用在点对点多块结构化网格系统上求解三维可压缩雷诺平均N-S（Navier-Stokes）方程的方法,研究了发动机动力效应对民机起飞构型气动特性的影响.首先,通过涡轮动力模拟器风洞试验模型及民机高升力构型标准模型,对研究方法进行了验证,计算和试验结果的良好吻合说明研究方法用于模拟发动机动力效应及预测民机高升力构型气动特性是可行的.其次,针对分别安装通气短舱和动力短舱的某翼吊涡扇发动机民机起飞构型,研究了发动机动力效应对其气动特性的影响规律.结果表明:在通气短舱基础上预测的起飞最大升力系数、失速迎角以及阻力和力矩,在考虑动力效应后会产生明显的不同.动力效应可使外形最大升力系数增大并延迟机翼失速,但同时也带来了低头力矩增大和升阻比降低的不利影响.建议在对机翼及其高升力装置设计结果的数值校核中使用考虑进排气的动力短舱代替目前常用的通气短舱,这能为设计改进提供更可靠的依据.      

基于CFD和混合配平算法的直升机旋翼地面效应模拟

建立了一套基于非结构网格技术和动量源模型的直升机旋翼计算流体力学(CFD)方法,用来模拟贴地飞行时直升机旋翼非定常气动特性。其中,控制方程采用三维Navier-Stokes方程,空间方向上采用Jameson格式,时间方向上采用五步Runge-Kutta迭代法,选用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型。旋翼对流场的作用采用动量源项模拟,为更真实地模拟地面效应(IGE)的作用,采用了"移动地面"的物面边界来代替常规的"固定地面"边界,并对旋翼附近及旋翼与地面之间的网格进行加密处理,以提高地面涡的捕捉精度。考虑实际飞行环境下旋翼的运动和操纵,在流场计算时考虑旋翼配平特性。其中,配平方程的旋翼气动力通过CFD方法和动量-叶素组合理论模型的耦合计算给出,为了提高配平方法的鲁棒性和效率,提出并建立了基于遗传算法/拟牛顿法的高效混合迭代算法。运用所建立的方法,首先,选用有试验结果可供对比的算例计算了地面效应作用下的旋翼拉力增益、功率变化,验证了计算方法的有效性,解决了涡流理论方法较难模拟的"小速度前飞旋翼需用功率突增"问题。然后,着重研究了UH-60A直升机旋翼在不同离地高度、不同前进比状态,旋翼需用功率、诱导速度、地面涡及旋翼操纵的变化规律。计算结果表明:地面涡出现在较小的前进比范围内,随前进比的增大,地面涡在纵向平面将顺来流方向移动,在轴向方位靠近地面方向移动,直至最后不断减弱消失。     

Effect of turbulence models on predicting convective heat transfer to hydrocarbon fuel at supercritical pressure

A variety of turbulence models were used to perform numerical simulations of heat transfer for hydrocarbon fuel flowing upward and downward through uniformly heated vertical pipes at supercritical pressure. Inlet temperatures varied from 373 K to 663 K, with heat flux rang-ing from 300 kW/m2 to 550 kW/m2. Comparative analyses between predicted and experimental results were used to evaluate the ability of turbulence models to respond to variable thermophys-ical properties of hydrocarbon fuel at supercritical pressure. It was found that the prediction per-formance of turbulence models is mainly determined by the damping function, which enables them to respond differently to local flow conditions. Although prediction accuracy for experimental results varied from condition to condition, the shear stress transport (SST) and launder and sharma models performed better than all other models used in the study. For very small buoyancy-influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration due to variations in density lead to the impairment of heat transfer occurring in the vicinity of pseudo-critical points, and heat transfer was enhanced at higher temperatures through the combined action of four thermophysical properties: density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and specific heat. For very large buoyancy-influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration effect was over predicted by the LS and AB models.