面向空间折展机构的刚性折纸研究现状与展望

刚性折纸是折纸领域中一个非常活跃的分支,在折展时可以实现二维与三维的连续变换且折痕以外的面板内部无应变,适用于多种刚性折展机构。基于刚性折纸构型衍生的空间折展机构具有形面精度高、折展比大和自由度数量少等特点,可以满足航天工程对空间折展机构大尺度、轻量化以及高精度的需求。针对未来发展趋势,概述了刚性折纸几何设计及运动学基础,阐述了目前与空间折展机构相关的刚性折纸的典型构型,重点介绍了各种构型的特点及相关研究进展。根据折痕的复杂程度,从不同刚性折纸构型出发,综述了面向空间折展机构的刚性折纸的应用及研究现状;从构型创新设计方法、厚板化设计方法、动力学特性分析方法、机构智能化设计方法和微重力卸载方法5个方面展望了基于刚性折纸的空间折展机构未来的发展方向及研究重点,旨在为大型空间折展机构的基础研究和工程应用提供借鉴与参考。     

形状记忆聚合物及其复合材料在航天领域的应用进展

首先介绍了形状记忆聚合物及其复合材料，概述了该类材料的形状记忆机理。然后重点评述了基于形状记忆聚合物复合材料的可展开铰链、可展开桁架、可展开太阳能电池阵列、锁紧释放机构的结构和性能特点，指出了各类应用的优缺点及适用条件。最后，总结并展望了基于该类材料的空间可展开结构的未来研究重点和发展趋势。     

有源集成背馈式接收天线设计

为了提高接收天线系统的增益以及灵敏度,对于天线与射频前端组成的接收系统采用了一种有源集成接收天线的设计方案,从而省略了传统设计中的有源电路与微带天线之间的匹配网络.依照此方案,设计并实现了一个背馈结构的矩形微带天线与前级低噪声放大器电路的有源集成.矩形微带天线的馈电点与低噪声放大器的输入端通过金属探针相连,当天线在2.48?GHz谐振时,通过选择合适的馈电点位置,天线产生放大器设计所需的输入阻抗.有源集成背馈式接收天线工作于S波段,最终的测试结果显示了其优良的特性.     

The impact of microwave absorber and radome geometries on GNSS measurements of station coordinates and atmospheric water vapour

We have used microwave absorbing material in different geometries around ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antennas in order to mitigate multipath effects on the estimates of station coordinates and atmospheric water vapour. The influence of a hemispheric radome – of the same type as in the Swedish GPS network SWEPOS – was also investigated. Two GNSS stations at the Onsala Space Observatory were used forming a 12 m baseline. GPS data from October 2008 to November 2009 were analyzed by the GIPSY/OASIS II software using the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) processing strategy for five different elevation cutoff angles from 5° to 25°. We found that the use of the absorbing material decreases the offset in the estimated vertical component of the baseline from ∼27 mm to ∼4 mm when the elevation cutoff angle varies from 5° to 20°. The horizontal components are much less affected. The corresponding offset in the estimates of the atmospheric Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) decreases from ∼1.6 kg/m² to ∼0.3 kg/m². Changes less than 5 mm in the offsets in the vertical component of the baseline are seen for all five elevation cutoff angle solutions when the antenna was covered by a hemispheric radome. Using the radome affects the IWV estimates less than 0.4 kg/m² for all different solutions. IWV comparisons between a Water Vapour Radiometer (WVR) and the GPS data give consistent results.     

刚柔耦合状态下索杆式伸展臂多体动力学研究

索杆式伸展臂在展开过程中,其斜拉索存在大运动和大变形问题,运用传统分析方法进行仿真分析难度较大.文章基于非线性弹性理论的绝对节点坐标方法,描述了斜拉索的空间运动和变形,研究了横向框架在贮存段、消旋段、提升段和套筒外的动力学特性,实现了索-刚体组成耦合系统的多体动力学数值仿真.     

空间可展开结构区间模型修正方法

传统的模型修正未考虑工程中存在的几何尺寸、材料参数、间隙等不确定性,修正后有限元模型预测精度较低。为提高有限元模型的预测精度,准确预测结构的静动力学特性,对考虑参数不确定性的模型修正进行了研究,提出了一种基于Kriging模型和泛灰数的区间模型修正方法。首先,通过灵敏度分析确定待修正参数,并以修正参数为变量,构造基于Kriging模型的区间响应目标函数;其次,引入泛灰数将区间优化问题转换为区间上限和区间直径两个全局优化问题;然后,利用Kriging模型结合遗传算法给出修正后的参数区间形式;最后,通过该方法对含铰链间隙的某空间可展开结构进行了模型修正。结果表明,修正后参数区间与真实区间重合度较高,修正后结构响应预测区间与实际区间吻合,验证了方法的有效性,为大型空间可展开结构的模型修正提供了一个有效可行的途径。     

Deploying process modeling and attitude control of a satellite with a large deployable antenna

Modeling and attitude control methods for a satellite with a large deployable antenna are studied in the present paper. Firstly, for reducing the model dimension, three dynamic models for the deploying process are developed, which are built with the methods of multi-rigid-body dynam- ics, hybrid coordinate and substructure. Then an attitude control method suitable for the deploying process is proposed, which can keep stability under any dynamical parameter variation. Subse- quently, this attitude control is optimized to minimize attitude disturbance during the deploying process. The simulation results show that this attitude control method can keep stability and main- tain proper attitude variation during the deploying process, which indicates that this attitude con- trol method is suitable for practical applications.     

石墨/环氧卫星天线支撑结构研制

文中介绍通信卫星天线系统石墨/环氧支撑结构的研制技术。该研究成果已多次应用于实际产品中,取得令人满意的结果。     

任意口径天线辐射场的计算

研究了理想导体面上任意形状的波导-口径天线的辐射特性。利用波导腔和自由空间之间的场匹配技术给出了描述它们之间的耦合关系的线性方程组,通过求解线性方程组的未知系数,严格计算了口径天线在半空间的辐射场,波导内的反射场及导体板上的电流分布;并通过数值算例进行了验证。