火星探测着陆系统开伞控制方法研究

文章通过对火星探测进入轨道的分析,提出了一种以动压为控制目标的开伞控制方法,并借鉴过载-时间控制法的相关思想,结合火星探测进入轨道的特点,研究了该开伞控制法的原理和实现方法。根据火星探路者的实际进入条件,采用该方法的分析结果与实际飞行中的开伞情况基本吻合。     

深空探测先进电源技术综述

先进电源技术是保障深空探测任务顺利进行的前提和基础。在梳理我国后续深空探测任务(月球极区探测、小天体探测、火星探测、木星探测等)对电源系统需求的基础上,对涉及空间应用的电源技术(化学能、太阳能、同位素及空间核反应堆电源)进行概述;针对深空探测对电源系统的需求特点,分别阐述了锂离子蓄电池、太阳能电源、钚-238放射性同位素电源和空间堆核反应电源的特点、发展简史、在深空探测中应用限制及发展建议,重点分析了钚-238同位素电源和空间核反应堆电源技术的关键技术、应用情况及应用前景,为深空探测先进电源技术的长足发展提供参考。     

液体镜头技术应用于空间探测的初步探讨

文章介绍了一种方兴未艾的镜头技术——液体镜头技术，分析了几种典型液体镜头的工作原理和控制方法，并初步探讨了其在空间探测领域应用的可能性。     

我国空间探测发展的原则

论述了我国空间探测发展的基本原则。     

大学新生入学适应教育探析

本研究以410名大学新生为被试,采用问卷法调查了入学第一个学期学生的精神健康水平,考察了他们的入学适应状况,调查结果表明:一部分学生在新环境的适应上存在较多问题.本文在调查研究的基础上,对提高大学生入学适应水平的教育途径和方法做出了尝试性的探讨.     

Developing the global exploration roadmap: An example using the humans to the lunar surface theme

The development of the Global Exploration Roadmap (GER) by 12 space agencies participating in the International Space Exploration Coordination Group broadly outlines a pathway to send humans beyond low Earth orbit for the first time since Apollo. Three themes have emerged: Exploration of a Near-Earth Asteroid, Extended Duration Crew Missions, and Humans to the Lunar Surface. The lack of detail within each of these themes could mean that realizing the goals of the GER would be significantly delayed. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that many of the details needed to fully define and evaluate these themes in terms of scientific rationale, economic viability, and technical feasibility already exist and need to be mapped to the GER. Here, we use the Humans to the Lunar Surface theme as an example to illustrate how this process could work. By mapping documents from a variety of international stakeholders, this process can be used to cement buy-in from the current partners and attract new ones to this effort.     

Automated design architectures for co-orbiting spacecraft swarms for planetary moon mapping

This work describes the design and optimization of spacecraft swarm missions to meet spatial and temporal visual mapping requirements of missions to planetary moons, using resonant co-orbits. The algorithms described here are a part of Integrated Design Engineering and Automation of Swarms (IDEAS), a spacecraft swarm mission design software that automates the design trajectories, swarm, and spacecraft behaviors in the mission. In the current work, we focus on the swarm design and optimization features of IDEAS, while showing the interaction between the different design modules. In the design segment, we consider the coverage requirements of two general planetary moon mapping missions: global surface mapping and region of interest observation. The configuration of the swarm co-orbits for the two missions is described, where the participating spacecraft have resonant encounters with the moon on their orbital apoapsis. We relate the swarm design to trajectory design through the orbit insertion maneuver performed on the interplanetary trajectory using aero-braking. We then present algorithms to model visual coverage, and collision avoidance in the swarm. To demonstrate the interaction between different design modules, we relate the trajectory and swarm to spacecraft design through fuel mass, and mission cost estimations using preliminary models. In the optimization segment, we formulate the trajectory and swarm design optimizations for the two missions as Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problems. In the current work, we use Genetic Algorithm as the primary optimization solver. However, we also use the Particle Swarm Optimizer to compare the optimizer performance. Finally, the algorithms described here are demonstrated through numerical case studies, where the two visual mapping missions are designed to explore the Martian moon Deimos.     

火星探测降落伞模型高速风洞变迎角试验技术

为获得火星探测器物伞系统动力学仿真中需要使用的降落伞轴向力、法向力、俯仰力矩系数，开展了火星探测降落伞模型高速风洞变迎角试验技术研究，研制了火星探测降落伞模型高速风洞变迎角试验装置，进行了火星探测降落伞模型高速风洞变迎角试验，获得了火星探测降落伞模型在马赫数范围0.4～0.8、迎角范围0°～25°时的轴向力、法向力和俯仰力矩系数，并对支撑干扰及洞壁干扰影响进行了扣除修正。试验结果表明：火星探测降落伞模型的轴向力系数随迎角变化较小；常规透气伞的法向力系数随迎角增大而增大，在马赫数为0.4和0.6时，低透气伞的法向力系数在小迎角时随迎角增大而减小；在马赫数范围0.4～0.8时，常规透气伞静稳定，低透气伞的静稳定性较常规透气伞减小，在马赫数为0.4和0.6时，低透气伞在零迎角时静不稳定，出现了非零配平 迎角。     

考虑太阳自转的天文多普勒差分导航方法

基于太阳震荡的时间延迟是一种新型天文导航量测量，可以提供探测器相对反射天体的距离信息，与星光角距量测量结合，可以提高导航性能。然而，星光角距量测模型与时间延迟量测模型均含有火卫一相对火星的位置矢量，火卫一的星历误差将影响导航精度。针对这一问题，提出了一种基于在线估计的天文测角/时间延迟量测组合导航方法，建立了包含火卫一位置及速度的状态模型，利用星光角距及时间延迟量测量同时对火卫一的位置和速度进行在线估计，仿真结果表明，提出的方法可以有效抑制火卫一星历误差对组合导航精度的影响，为探测器提供高精度的自主导航信息。