自适应波束形成技术的发展与现状研究

介绍了自适应波束抗干扰技术的发展历程，以及各种自适应波束形成算法的原理和特点，讨论了自适应波束抗干扰技术的应用情况，探讨了该技术在工程应用上面临的主要问题以及解决途径和方法。     

一种基于协方差矩阵重构的相干信源DOA估计算法

针对空间相干信源的波达方向估计问题,提出了一种基于协方差矩阵重构的TSVD-ESPRIT算法。它利用包含所有信源信息的特征向量构造Toeplitz协方差矩阵,避免了阵列有效孔径的损失,分辨率高且稳定性好;并且利用ESPRIT算法代替MUSIC算法进行DOA估计,避免了谱峰搜索,大大降低了计算量。数据仿真和分析证明了该算法的正确性和有效性。     

GOCE orbit analysis: Long-wavelength gravity field determination using the acceleration approach

The restricted sensitivity of the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) gradiometer instrument requires satellite gravity gradiometry to be supplemented by orbit analysis in order to resolve long-wavelength features of the geopotential. For the hitherto published releases of the GOCE time-wise (TIM) and GOCE space-wise gravity field series—two of the official ESA products—the energy conservation method has been adopted to exploit GPS-based satellite-to-satellite tracking information. On the other hand, gravity field recovery from data collected by the CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite showed the energy conservation principle to be a sub-optimal choice. For this reason, we propose to estimate the low-frequency part of the gravity field by the point-wise solution of Newton’s equation of motion, also known as the acceleration approach. This approach balances the gravitational vector with satellite accelerations, and hence is characterized by (second-order) numerical differentiation of the kinematic orbit. In order to apply the method to GOCE, we present tailored processing strategies with regard to low-pass filtering, variance–covariance information handling, and robust parameter estimation. By comparison of our GIWF solutions (initials GI for “Geodätisches Institut” and IWF for “Institut für WeltraumForschung”) and the GOCE-TIM estimates with a state-of-the-art gravity field solution derived from GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment), we conclude that the acceleration approach is better suited for GOCE-only gravity field determination as opposed to the energy conservation method.     

基于代价函数的传感器管理算法研究

针对多传感器目标跟踪的应用背景,研究了综合考虑系统性能与资源消耗的传感器管理问题.建立了基于代价函数的传感器分配优化模型,其中代价函数包括跟踪系统偏差代价和资源消耗代价两部分.采用协方差控制技术量化系统跟踪性能,将目标跟踪的实际协方差与其期望值之间的偏差作为系统性能偏差代价.传感器管理优化模型通过最小化当前时刻系统的总代价来分配传感器以维持目标跟踪.仿真结果表明,与传统的协方差控制传感器管理算法相比,该方法不仅能够获得理想的跟踪性能,而且能够更加有效地分配有限的传感器资源.     

基于U-D分解滤波的GPS动态用户导航算法研究

本文将数值稳定性好、计算量小的序列U-D分解滤波算法应用到状态方程为线性、观测方程为非线性的GPS动态用户导航系统中。文中建立了高动态用户数学模型,推导了以伪距为观测量的系统测量方程。在给定飞机航迹的情况下,对系统进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,U-D分解滤波算法能更有效地适合动态用户GPS导航系统。     

涡扇发动机故障诊断中粒子滤波改进方法

针对标准粒子滤波算法诊断步数多且诊断结果噪声水平高的问题,提出伪协方差和自适应似然分布结合的改进粒子滤波算法。该算法通过使用伪协方差代替了粒子集协方差,保证采样得到的粒子能够更真实地反映突变情况,减少诊断步数;通过对似然分布自适应调整,增加其与先验分布的重叠区域,提高抽样率,增加有效粒子数,降低诊断结果噪声水平。发动机健康参数估计仿真结果表明:与标准粒子滤波算法相比,改进的粒子滤波算法能使诊断速度提高约27%,诊断精度提高约38%,有效地减少了突变故障的诊断步数,并显著降低了诊断结果的噪声水平。     

基于线性协方差的月球上升器主动段误差分析

提出一种线性协方差误差分析方法用于月球上升器主动段多种误差源影响分析.给出了动力上升段动力显式制导(PEG,powered explicit guidance)制导律线性化解析方法,得到了PEG 3个制导参数的线性化显式表达.在此基础上用于分析月球上升器主动段在存在初始状态偏差、参数不确定等情况下,终端时刻的高度偏差、速度大小偏差以及飞行路径角偏差.通过和蒙特卡洛的仿真对比,验证了上述线性化方法的有效性.     

非线性量测下自适应噪声协方差PHD滤波

概率假设密度(PHD)滤波算法已被证明是实时多目标跟踪的有效方法,但现有这些基于PHD滤波的方法假设量测噪声协方差先验已知,而实际中量测噪声协方差可能是未知或随着环境改变而变化。针对这一问题,提出了一种适用于非线性量测模型的自适应噪声协方差多目标跟踪算法。该算法以PHD滤波为基础,采用容积卡尔曼(CK)技术近似非线性量测模型,利用逆威沙特(IW)分布描述量测噪声协方差分布,通过变分贝叶斯(VB)近似技术迭代估计量测噪声协方差和多目标状态联合后验密度。仿真结果表明,本文所提算法可有效估计量测噪声协方差,同时实现准确的目标数和目标状态估计。     

A new adaptive Kalman filter for navigation systems of carrier-based aircraft

The features of carrier-based aircraft’s navigation systems during the approach and landing phases are investigated. A new adaptive Kalman filter with unknown state noise statistics is proposed to improve the accuracy of the INS/GNSS integrated navigation system. The adaptive filtering algorithm aims to estimate and adapt the unknown state noise covariance Q in high dynamic conditions, when the measurement noise covariance R is assumed to be known empirically in advance. The new adaptive Kalman ...     

近地卫星的GPS自主定轨算法研究

为了用GPS实现近地卫星的高精度自主定轨,提出了采用序贯UD协方差分解滤波算法作为定轨算法.完整地给出了序贯UD分解算法的计算公式,详细地推导了系统的状态方程和观测方程,建立了由9维状态向量和8维观测向量组成的导航系统模型.最后作了数字仿真试验,试验结果表明,文中的定轨算法既有较高的精度又便于星上计算机的实现.