复合材料层合梁弯扭耦合变形的有限元分析

对于层合梁这一类特殊的工程问题,本文在理论上推导了其大挠度问题的有限元数学模型,这种数学模型有别于一般层合板壳问题对应的数学模型。在数值分析时,对线性问题进行了计算机模拟,并着重研究了层合梁在两个方向上的弯曲与一个方向上的扭转变形的耦合关系。本文的结果与实验值及其他理论解相比,具有良好的一致性。     

Al—Li—Cu—Mg—Zr合金的断裂形态和断裂韧性

采用单边缺口三点弯曲试样测定了Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr合金的断裂韧性。还测量了拉伸性能和硬度。着重分析了裂纹形态和断口形貌。讨论了裂纹偏斜和分叉对裂纹尖端的屏蔽作用,分别计算了本征的和非本征的断裂韧性值。     

基于非线性几何场论求解热弹性板大挠度弯曲的BEM法

基于理性力学非线性几何场理论,建立了热弹性薄板等效速率形式的Ｋａｒｍａｎ方程,通过将热弹性薄板大挠度弯曲问题看成平板弯曲问题与平面大变形问题的耦合,在固定坐标系及拖带坐标系上推导出两组边界积分方程,从而建立起新的分析热弹性薄板大挠度弯曲的边界元法。算例表明本文方法理论可靠、精度高。     

应用太阳帆悬停探测哑铃形小行星

研究了太阳帆航天器在哑铃形小行星引力场内的悬停探测可行性问题。哑铃形小行星代表了一类细长形的小行星,文中首先建立哑铃形小行星的简化动力学模型。针对可变反射面积的太阳帆,给出其在小行星引力场内的悬停动力学方程,并仿真求解了哑铃形小行星附近的太阳帆可行悬停探测区域。     

Spacecraft formation flying for Earth-crossing object deflections using a power limited laser ablating

A formation flying strategy with an Earth-crossing object (ECO) is proposed to avoid the Earth collision. Assuming that a future conceptual spacecraft equipped with a powerful laser ablation tool already rendezvoused with a fictitious Earth collision object, the optimal required laser operating duration and direction histories are accurately derived to miss the Earth. Based on these results, the concept of formation flying between the object and the spacecraft is applied and analyzed as to establish the spacecraft’s orbital motion design strategy. A fictitious “Apophis”-like object is established to impact with the Earth and two major deflection scenarios are designed and analyzed. These scenarios include the cases for the both short and long laser operating duration to avoid the Earth impact. Also, requirement of onboard laser tool’s for both cases are discussed. As a result, the optimal initial conditions for the spacecraft to maintain its relative trajectory to the object are discovered. Additionally, the discovered optimal initial conditions also satisfied the optimal required laser operating conditions with no additional spacecraft’s own fuel expenditure to achieve the spacecraft formation flying with the ECO. The initial conditions founded in the current research can be used as a spacecraft’s initial rendezvous points with the ECO when designing the future deflection missions with laser ablation tools. The results with proposed strategy are expected to make more advances in the fields of the conceptual studies, especially for the future deflection missions using powerful laser ablation tools.     

Comprehensive compensation method for the influence of disturbing gravity field on long-range rocket guidance computing

With the improvement of the accuracy of the inertial system, the influence of the disturbing gravity field on the accuracy of long-range rocket has become increasingly prominent. However, in actual engineering, there are problems of low accuracy and being time-consuming for disturbing gravity field compensation. In view of this, this paper proposes a set of online comprehensive solutions combining disturbing gravity reconstruction and stellar correction. According to the pre-launch binding param...     

A sample collector for robotic sample return missions I: Temperature effect on collected mass

Sample return is playing an increasingly important role in solar system exploration. Among the possible mission on the horizon, are sample return from asteroids, comets, the Moon and Mars. A collector initially intended for near-Earth asteroids is the touch-and-go-impregnable-pad (TGIP). Here we explore the effect of temperature on its collection capabilities. Temperatures expected on near-Earth asteroid mission targets range from −43 to 36 °C. Experiments were conducted at −75, −50, −25, 23, 65, and 105 °C. It was found that the mass of sample collected by the TGIP increased almost linearly to 23 °C and then leveled off at higher temperatures. We also found that the collector did not lose its ability to collect samples after being subjected to −75 °C temperatures (essentially frozen) and then thawed. These experiments have shown that the TGIP can operate effectively at temperatures expected on near-Earth asteroids, especially if collection is performed on the sunward side of the asteroid.     

某型航空活塞发动机排气门的对称烧蚀机理

基于统计显示某型航空活塞发动机运行中出现的大量排气门烧蚀故障案例中烧蚀位置均基本呈两点对称分布在气门头部两侧的现象。通过测量排气门密封面附近气门体的实际运行温度,获取了该型发动机上气门运行温度与排气温度（EGT）之间的对应关系,进一步结合该型发动机的结构设计和实际运行环境分析了这种气门烧蚀点对称分布的机理。研究表明:气门偏摆引起气门密封面温度周向对称性分布不均和运行中过度调贫使气门密封面温度过高是排气门对称烧蚀的主要原因。据此提出以EGT为参照限制调贫幅度的方案,经70 000飞行小时实践验证表明故障得到了完全解决。      

多层界面相陶瓷基复合材料裂纹偏转机制模拟

针对多层界面相陶瓷基复合材料(CMCs)裂纹偏转机制进行了有限元模拟。在圆柱单胞模型中,按照界面相各亚层的实际厚度建立多层界面相几何模型,然后赋予各亚层对应的组分材料参数,获取轴对称有限元模型。在此基础上,采用虚拟裂纹闭合技术(VCCT)分别计算基体裂纹在界面相处偏转与穿透两种情形的能量释放率Gd和Gp,根据断裂力学准则实现对裂纹在多层界面相内部偏转机制的分析。可以看出:各向异性界面相比各向同性界面相内部的Gd/Gp比值更大,更利于裂纹偏转的发生；总厚度相同的多层界面相与单层界面相相比,其内部的Gd/Gp比值更高,裂纹在其内部发生偏转的机会更多,且五层界面相(PyC/SiC/PyC/SiC/PyC)比三层界面相(PyC/SiC/PyC)更利于裂纹发生偏转。      

Effects of splined shaft bending rigidity on cylinder tilt behaviour for high-speed electro-hydrostatic actuator pumps

High-speed axial piston pumps are hydraulic power supplies for electro-hydrostatic actuators(EHAs). The efficiency of a pump directly affects the operating performance of an EHA, and an understanding of the physical phenomena occurring in the cylinder/valve plate interface is essential to investigate energy dissipation. The effects of the splined shaft bending rigidity on the cylinder tilt behaviour in an EHA pump need to be considered, because the deflection and radial expansion of a steel shaft rotating at a high speed cannot be ignored. This paper proposes a new mathematical model to predict the cylinder tilt behaviour by establishing a quantitative relationship between the splined shaft deflection, the cylinder tilt angle, and the tilt azimuth angle. The moments exerted by the splined shaft are included in the equilibrium equation of the cylinder. The effects of solid and hollow splined shafts equipped in an EHA pump prototype are compared at variable speeds of 5000–10,000 r/min. With a weight saving of 29.7%, the hollow shaft is experimentally found to have almost no influence on the volumetric efficiency, but to reduce the mechanical efficiency by 0.6–2.4%. The results agree with the trivial differences of the simulated central gap heights of the interface between the two shafts and the enlargement of the simulated tilt angles by the hollow shaft. The findings could guide designs of the cylinder/valve plate interface and the splined shaft to improve both the efficiency and power density of an EHA pump.