载人月球探测月面活动发展设想

载人月球探测是浩大的系统工程，组成复杂，关键技术多，研制周期长，经费投入高，任务风险大。月面活动是载人月球探测任务体现能力、保障安全、提升效益的重要组成部分，必须回答“为什么”“去哪里”“怎么干”等问题。本文从国内外月球探测历程出发，结合当今世界月球探测领域趋势与局势，从月球战略布局、月球科学内涵开展分析。针对月面驻留与活动工程实施，对比Apollo与Artemis计划方案，提出兼顾可行性和工程效益的月面实验室方案。结合未来发展方向，提出载人月球科研站建设发展思路和月球熔洞探测设想，探索具有中国特色可持续发展的载人月面活动发展道路。     

表面处理对聚酰亚胺柔性复合材料粘结性能的影响

使用聚酰亚胺(PI)膜和PI纤维编织布制备深空探测用柔性织物复合材料,研究表面处理对PI膜和PI纤维编织布之间粘结性能的影响。采用自制表面处理剂分别对PI膜和PI纤维编织布的表面进行处理,再经硅橡胶胶黏剂粘结制备柔性复合材料。使用T剥离强度试验方法测试柔性织物复合材料的层间胶接性能,并分析复合材料剥离面的形貌状态。结果显示,PI膜和PI织物的表面处理可以显著提高柔性织物复合材料的T剥离强度。其中,PI膜和PI织物未经表面处理时,柔性织物复合材料的T剥离强度为8.9 N/cm。对PI膜进行表面处理,或者对PI膜和PI织物均进行表面处理的情况下,柔性织物复合材料的T剥离强度增加至11.7 N/cm和12.8 N/cm,分别提高了31.5%和43.8%。这表明对PI膜及PI织物进行合理的表面处理,可以显著提高柔性织物复合材料的胶接性能。     

地月空间探索与开发的思考

提出了地月空间探索与开发的概念，对全球发展态势进行了总结，从人类文明、太空格局、战略安全、科技经济全方位发展等维度阐述了我国开展地月空间探索与开发的发展需求；并提出了地月空间探索与开发的体系组成、能力需求和技术难点，从科学、经济和工程三个方面分析了发展效益，最后给出了发展路线；研究成果可为未来大规模开展地月空间探索与开发提供参考。     

空间探测烧蚀防热材料应用及趋势

综述了国内外空间探测器烧蚀防热材料的种类及其应用情况,美国主要包括高密度酚醛/玻璃钢、蜂窝增强烧蚀防热材料、PICA及PICA-X以及高密度碳酚醛材料等,国内则主要包括酚醛/尼龙、蜂窝增强烧蚀防热材料和NF材料,介绍了这些材料所应用的探测器、气动加热环境、防热材料性能和防热结构成型技术。总结了美国空间探测防热材料研制中出现的两次烧蚀异常及导致的探测器选材变化,可见防热材料与热环境耦合关系复杂。同时介绍了我国针对防热材料抵御异常损伤开展的部分工作。最后对空间探测防热材料的应用与发展做出了展望。     

Star angle/ double-differenced pulse time of arrival integrated navigation method for Jupiter exploration

Pulsar navigation is a promising autonomous navigation system for spacecraft, which is applicable to the entire solar system. However, the pulsar’s directional error and the onboard clock error are two types of systematic errors that seriously reduce navigation accuracy. To solve this problem, a star angle/double-differenced pulse time of arrival(SA/DDTOA) integrated navigation method is proposed. Since measurements obtained by observing different pulsars contain the same clock errors, the measurements can be differed to eliminate the common clock error. Then, the pulsar-differenced measurements at neighbor filtering time can be differed to suppress the effect of the pulsar’s directional error on navigation precision. Star angle is used to obtain absolute navigation information, which denotes the angles between the light of sight of Jupiter and that of its background stars. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can eliminate the influence of the onboard clock error and greatly weaken the effects of the pulsar’s directional error. The navigation accuracy is better than the traditional star angle/pulse time of arrival integrated navigation method and star angle/pulse time difference of arrival integrated navigation method. In addition, the navigation accuracy of the SA/DDTOA integrated navigation method is less affected by Jupiter’s ephemeris error. This work greatly reduces the influence of common systematic errors in pulsar navigation on navigation accuracy.     

多视角多尺度陨石坑特征检测识别方法

针对序列图像间视角尺度变化大带来的特征无法检测和识别效率低等问题，提出了多视角多尺度陨石坑特征检测识别方法。基于明暗区域信息和形态学处理实现陨石坑图像特征边缘粗提取，利用快速傅里叶变换计算模板与图像特征的匹配度，从而实现图像特征所在区域粗定位。在此基础上，通过引入惯性测量信息计算图像间重叠面积，更新模板形状，并预测搜索区域，解决了序列图像间视角尺度变换及信息冗余带来的特征无法检测和识别效率低的困难，最终在单一陨石坑区域内实现其精细检测。     

Effect of mixing section configurations on combustion efflciency of Mg-CO2 Martian ramjet

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the mixing section configurations on the Mg-CO₂ Martian ramjet combustion efficiency. It was carried out at a mainstream mass flow rate of 110 g/s and a temperature of 810 K. The chamber pressure was measured under different configurations and Oxidizer to Fuel(O/F) ratios. Results showed that the engine achieved self-sustaining combustion and worked stably during experiments. The pre-combustion chamber is needed to increase the co...     

Technical evaluation of additive manufacturing technologies for in-situ fabrication with lunar regolith

In-Situ Fabrication and Repair can significantly reduce the construction cost of a permanent Moon base by using additive manufacturing (AM) and exploiting local resources instead of bringing all the required materials from Earth. In this article, we evaluate alternative additive manufacturing technologies for building a lunar base and maintaining it across its lifecycle. We compare alternative 3D-printing techniques, already tested for manufacturing with simulants of lunar regolith, using energy, Earth-deliverables consumption, and compressive strength of the produced samples as figures of merit. Based on our analysis, we conclude that Cement Contour Crafting and Stereo-lithography AM techniques are the most promising solutions for the construction of outdoor lunar infrastructure and small precise parts and instruments, respectively.     

分区式线型阱设计及其离子囚禁性能分析

基于分区式线型阱的汞离子微波钟已在国际上首次实现了空间在轨飞行验证，为今后深空探测技术领域实现单向导航奠定了基础。设计了一种基于“四极阱+十二极阱”的分区式线型离子阱，主要采用离子数密度分布模型，数值分析了轴向和径向的势阱结构特征，研究了该离子阱的离子囚禁性能，给出了囚禁离子的设计参数，估算了该离子阱应用于汞离子微波钟的二阶多普勒频移大小。论证了四极阱中实现光抽运与荧光探测，十二极阱中实现离子与微波相互作用及自由演化稳定存储功能的可行性。该项工作对于高性能离子囚禁钟和质谱仪的设计具有一定借鉴意义。     

低密度气凝胶复合材料的火星环境适应性研究

针对航天器的使用要求,研制了密度≤30 kg/m~3轻质高效的二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料。针对深空探测的应用环境,对低密度气凝胶复合材料在不同条件下的热导率、热循环、热真空和电离总剂量等环境试验进行测试。结果表明,低密度气凝胶复合材料服役温度可达到-145～85℃,在1 kPa CO_2气氛下热导率可达到6.6 mW/(m·K)。获得了不同气氛和不同温度条件下以及同种气氛、不同压力条件下低密度气凝胶复合材料的热导率变化规律,并测试批次性材料热导率,结果表明批次热导率稳定性良好。热循环、热真空和电离辐照试验前后热导率和尺寸收缩率均未变化,表明低密度气凝胶复合材料在深空环境下保持良好的结构和稳定的隔热性能。