紫外辐照影响硅橡胶出气污染模型及效应研究

基于有机材料出气污染过程分析，并结合辐射化学有关理论，建立材料在紫外辐照后的分子污染模型；在ASTM E1559标准测试方法的基础上，以硅橡胶材料为污染源开展试验，测试其经过不同紫外辐照时间后的出气污染沉积量，并对辐照后材料表面的微观特性进行测试分析。根据沉积量测试结果对模型待定参数进行拟合，并结合微观测试结果，分析得到紫外辐照导致硅橡胶分子链中Si-O键以及Si-C键断裂，且部分小分子物质提前挥发，从而使得出气成分中小分子污染物含量下降，大分子污染物含量上升，并最终导致总污染量在前期有所下降，在后期显著增加。     

图像传感器辐射损伤对光通信系统跟瞄精度的影响分析

卫星光通信系统中的图像传感器在空间辐射环境中会因辐射损伤导致成像噪声增大,从而在确定光斑质心时产生偏差,影响系统跟瞄精度。文章基于典型器件地面辐照试验数据分析结果,利用灰度质心算法对不同尺寸模拟缺陷光斑的质心偏差量进行计算,并分析质心偏差对系统跟瞄精度的影响。结果表明:光斑的质心偏移与辐射产生缺陷像素的数量和位置均相关;增大光斑尺寸可减小质心偏差。最后,从抗辐射损伤能力角度为系统光斑尺寸选取提出约束条件要求。     

NiCrBSi+Ni/MoS_2涂层在空间环境下的摩擦学性能

采用激光熔覆技术在TC4合金基体上制备了Ni Cr BSi+Ni/Mo S2复合涂层,考察了该复合涂层在真空、原子氧辐照环境下的表面形貌及元素变化。利用真空摩擦磨损试验机分别完成了干摩擦条件下2种环境的摩擦磨损性能测试。结果表明:Ni Cr BSi+Ni/Mo S2复合涂层经过原子氧辐照后,有部分元素被氧化及化合物分解的现象,但并没有发生明显的材料性能改变以及润滑涂层的破坏。与TC4合金相比,2种环境下该复合涂层均具有良好的润滑减摩效果,证明Ni Cr BSi+Ni/Mo S2复合涂层具有一定的抗原子氧辐照的能力。     

Lunar exosphere influence on lunar-based near-ultraviolet astronomical observations

The potential effect of the lunar exosphere on the near-ultraviolet sky background emission is predicted for Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope (LUT: a funded Chinese scientific payload for the Chang’e-III mission). Using the upper limit on the OH concentration inferred from the recent MIP CHACE results, our calculations show that the sky brightness due to the illuminated exosphere is <8.7 photons⁻¹ cm⁻² arcsec⁻² within the wavelength range 245–340 nm. By evaluating the signal-to-noise ratios of observations of an AB = 13 mag point source at a series of sky background levels, our analysis indicates that the detection performance of LUT can be moderately degraded by the lunar exosphere emission in most cases. An AB = 13 mag point source can still be detected by the telescope at a signal-to-noise ratio more than 8 when the OH concentration is less than 2 × 10⁸ molecules cm⁻³. However, the effect on the performance is considerable when the exosphere is as dense as suggested by CHACE.     

耐辐照光纤的瞬态辐照实验及峰值感生损耗的测定

应用相对论强流电子脉冲加速器作辐射源,建立了一套实验系统,对耐辐照光纤进行了瞬态大剂量X射线辐照实验与研究,并同当今国际上先进的同种类光纤进行了对比,获得了瞬态峰值感生损耗等很有价值的实验结果。     

Patterns of variability in γ-ray blazars

Preliminary results of a systematic study on the simultaneous optical-to-X-rays variability in blazars are presented. Data from Swift observations of four bright γ-ray blazars (3C 279, ON +231, S5 0716+71, PKS 2155−304) have been analyzed, compared, and discussed. Specifically, 3C 279 shows a variable flattening in the low energy part of the X-ray spectrum that appears to be confined in a specific X-ray vs optical/UV fluxes region. Some implications are shortly analyzed.     

No significant level of inheritable interchromosomal aberrations in the progeny of bystander primary human fibroblasts after alpha particle irradiation

A major concern for bystander effects is the probability that normal healthy cells adjacent to the irradiated cells become genomically unstable and undergo further carcinogenesis after therapeutic irradiation or space mission where astronauts are exposed to low dose of heavy ions. Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer cells. In the present study, two irradiation protocols were performed in order to ensure pure populations of bystander cells and the genomic instability in their progeny were investigated. After irradiation, chromosomal aberrations of cells were analyzed at designated time points using G₂ phase premature chromosome condensation (G₂-PCC) coupled with Giemsa staining and with multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization (mFISH). Our Giemsa staining assay demonstrated that elevated yields of chromatid breaks were induced in the progeny of pure bystander primary fibroblasts up to 20 days after irradiation. mFISH assay showed no significant level of inheritable interchromosomal aberrations were induced in the progeny of the bystander cell groups, while the fractions of gross aberrations (chromatid breaks or chromosomal breaks) significantly increased in some bystander cell groups. These results suggest that genomic instability occurred in the progeny of the irradiation associated bystander normal fibroblasts exclude the inheritable interchromosomal aberration.     

Protein expression profile changes in human fibroblasts induced by low dose energetic protons

Extrapolation of known radiation risks to the risks from low dose and low dose-rate exposures of human population, especially prolonged exposures of astronauts in the space radiation environment, relies in part on the mechanistic understanding of radiation induced biological consequences at the molecular level. While some genomic data at the mRNA level are available for cells or animals exposed to radiation, the data at the protein level are still lacking. Here, we studied protein expression profile changes using Panorama antibody microarray chips that contain antibodies to 224 proteins (or their phosphorylated forms) involved in cell signaling that included mostly apoptosis, cytoskeleton, cell cycle and signal transduction. Normal human fibroblasts were cultured until fully confluent and then exposed to 2 cGy of 150 MeV protons at high-dose rate. The proteins were isolated at 2 or 6 h after exposure and labeled with Cy3 for the irradiated cells and with Cy5 for the control samples before loading onto the protein microarray chips. The intensities of the protein spots were analyzed using ScanAlyze software and normalized by the summed fluorescence intensities and the housekeeping proteins. The results showed that low dose protons altered the expression of more than 10% of the proteins listed in the microarray analysis in various protein functional groups. Cell cycle (24%) related proteins were induced by protons and most of them were regulators of G1/S-transition phase. Comparison of the overall protein expression profiles, cell cycle related proteins, cytoskeleton and signal transduction protein groups showed significantly more changes induced by protons compared with other protein functional groups.     

ASAP: A systematic approach to plasma spectral synthesis

ASAP (Analysis System for Astrophysical Plasmas), developed at the Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, is a package of procedures based on IDL. It is aimed at the detailed presentation of theoretical models of astrophysical plasmas and the accurate comparison with observational data, up to fittings of specific observations. It is also useful for the prediction of specific observations, and for the simulation of the expected performances of forthcoming instruments, for instance those on board SOHO.     

原子氧与真空紫外线协同效应对有机涂层的降解作用

为研究真空紫外与原子氧的协同作用,进行了环氧树脂和有机硅树脂的原子氧/真空紫外交互的地面模拟实验,结果表明:在交互作用中,对有机涂层破坏的主导因素是原子氧,真空紫外线起到协同作用,在切断有机高分子材料化学键的同时,为原子氧提供了反应基,加速了原子氧的反应速率.对比真空紫外辐照和原子氧/真空紫外交互实验结果分析中可以发现,有机硅树脂是较好的耐真空紫外辐射和原子氧侵蚀的有机涂层材料.