超声速平板边界层旁路转捩直接数值模拟

采用具有七阶精度的有限差分格式和基于Euler方程组的特征边界条件,通过直接数值模拟研究了由固定相位周期性吹吸扰动诱导的、Ma∞=2.25、Re∞=2.5×107/m(635 000/inch)空间发展平板边界层的旁路转捩过程,并建立了相应的直接数值模拟数据库。数值结果表明:扰动相位的随机性并不是转捩发生的必要条件,固定相位周期性吹吸扰动即可诱发边界层的转捩;当采用固定相位时,随着吹吸频率的增加,转捩位置向下游移动;当扰动频率足够大时,周期性吹吸无法诱导出边界层的转捩。随后,在所得数据库中提取了速度及热力学变量的平均值,与已有的数据库和理论分析吻合良好;速度脉动均方根与公认的不可压缩平板边界层实验基本吻合;热力学变量脉动均方根和雷诺应力与已有数据库的统计结果及实验数据具有相同的分布特征。对比发现,不同转捩的诱导因素对平均转捩位置和热力学变量均方根、雷诺应力等高阶统计量的影响较大。     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

平板湍流摩阻系数的显式表达式

 湍流摩阻系数的计算是工程技术中经常遇到的问题。计算时所依据的公式多为半经验半理论的结果,如Karman公式,Van Driest公式和Prandtl公式等。这些公式是以隐函数给出的,给计算带来不便。但是不难发现,这类公式经过适当的变换,可以化为统一形式的超越代数方程,这种方程没有有限形式的解析解,本文给出了一种近似解析解。根据这种方法除了导出上述公式的显式表达式外,还对White公式作了修正。当然解超越代数方程最根本的方法是迭代法,本文对此也作了简单讨论。     

平板上钝缘舵在超声速绕流中的三维分离特性研究

对于平板上的直立钝缘舵在M_∞=1.79、2.04和2.50的条件下,研究了该平板干扰区中的三维分离特性。着重讨论了钝缘直径、舵面迎角和来流马赫数对主分离线位置和形状的影响。分析了该类三维分离在性态上更强地依赖于无粘流动特性。此外,还对分离区内的二次分离发展过程和形态进行了初步讨论。     

Multi-channel discharge characteristics cutting by ultra-fine wire-EDM

Compared with a copper wire electrode, molybdenum wire with a poor conductor is usually used as the electrode in high speed wire-cut electrical discharge machining(HSWEDM), so the resistance of an ultra-fine wire cannot be ignored. To study the differences of discharge characteristics between the ultra-fine wire and the conventional diameter wire, the continuous discharge waveform of two kinds of wire electrodes was compared. It was found that there was a multichannel discharge phenomenon in the...     

Case study of inclined sporadic E layers in the Earth’s ionosphere observed by CHAMP/GPS radio occultations: Coupling between the tilted plasma layers and internal waves

We have used the radio occultation (RO) satellite data CHAMP/GPS (Challenging Minisatellite Payload/Global Positioning System) for studying the ionosphere of the Earth. A method for deriving the parameters of ionospheric structures is based upon an analysis of the RO signal variations in the phase path and intensity. This method allows one to estimate the spatial displacement of a plasma layer with respect to the ray perigee, and to determine the layer inclination and height correction values. In this paper, we focus on the case study of inclined sporadic E (E_s) layers in the high-latitude ionosphere based on available CHAMP RO data. Assuming that the internal gravity waves (IGWs) with the phase-fronts parallel to the ionization layer surfaces are responsible for the tilt angles of sporadic plasma layers, we have developed a new technique for determining the parameters of IGWs linked with the inclined E_s structures. A small-scale internal wave may be modulating initially horizontal E_s layer in height and causing a direction of the plasma density gradient to be rotated and aligned with that of the wave propagation vector k. The results of determination of the intrinsic wave frequency and period, vertical and horizontal wavelengths, intrinsic vertical and horizontal phase speeds, and other characteristics of IGWs under study are presented and discussed.     

展向离散抽吸法控制边界层转捩实验研究

通过实验成功发展了一种生成大振幅稳定条带的有效方法,即展向离散抽吸方法。在此基础上,开展条带控制边界层转捩的研究。实验在水洞中进行,以零压力梯度平板边界层为研究对象,利用氢气泡时间线法观测引入条带前后人工激发转捩边界层中扰动发展变化,分析条带对转捩的控制效果及参数影响。结果表明,展向离散抽吸方法生成的稳定条带最大振幅可达28.4%U（U为自由流速度）;实验中引入的宽度14和28mm的稳定条带都能起到抑制转捩的作用;条带振幅越大、宽度越窄,抑制效果越明显。研究结果为探索降低水/空气中航行器摩阻的新技术提供有价值的参考。     

Streamwise vortex generation by the rod

The technology development related to aerodynamics is leading to ever increasing loads of wings, airfoils and turbine and compressor blades. The increase in aerodynamic forces is often leading to flow separation and depreciation of the aerodynamic performance of flying objects or propulsion systems. Flow control methods are required to avoid these negative effects. In the recent two decades the flow control by means of air-jet vortex generators has been also intensively investigated. In this method a streamwise vortex is introduced by an oblique jet. The necessity to supply air by a pipe system may be considered a disadvantage. In order to eliminate this feature, it has been proposed to put out a rod instead of a jet. It has been shown that the application of a rod can introduce the same effect as a jet, as long as the streamwise vortex generation is concerned and appropriate dimensions are used. The present paper focuses on the influence of rod vortex generators on a flow pattern downstream. The results presented here concern experimental and numerical investigations and provide guidelines for the design of a new flow control method dedicated mainly to external flows.     

重型燃气轮机高雷诺数CDA叶型转捩特性数值计算

为研究重型燃气轮机的压气机叶片在高雷诺数工况下的气动性能,基于Gamma-Theta转捩模型的雷诺时均方程对某可 控扩散叶型进行了数值计算。通过对比不控制马赫数与控制马赫数,分析高雷诺数对可控扩散叶型气动性能及转捩特性的影响。 结果表明：在不控制马赫数条件下,在零攻角时,雷诺数从7×10 5 增大为9×10 5 ,总压损失增加了约391.95%;在高雷诺数工况下随 着雷诺数的增大,叶片流动损失不断增大,叶片可用攻角范围减小,同时在叶片吸力面出现激波,干扰转捩的产生。在控制马赫数 条件下,当Ma=0.6时,在零攻角工况下,雷诺数从8.2×10 5 增大为1×10 7 ,总压损失减小了约38.98%,吸力面转捩起始点从4.78%弦 长处前移至1.11%弦长处;在高雷诺数工况下,叶片流动损失随着雷诺数的增大不断减小,吸力面转捩位置前移。     

前缘钝化和化学非平衡效应对斜爆震发动机进气道特性的影响

为了探究前缘钝化、化学非平衡效应对斜爆震发动机进气道的工作性能及出口温度边界层分布的影响,采用热完全气体、化学非平衡气体两种模型对不同顶板、唇口前缘钝化半径下斜爆震发动机进气道进行数值模拟,结果表明：相比基准进气道,钝化后进气道上壁面温度边界层厚度较大,下壁面温度边界层厚度较小;在化学非平衡气体模型下,顶板前缘钝化半径(R1)>2mm时进气道的顶板附近和分离区内离解反应较为明显,唇口前缘钝化半径(R2)>2mm时进气道的唇罩、唇口板附近离解反应较为明显;当钝化半径≥4mm时,两种气体模型下进气道出口总压恢复系数和静温的相对变化量绝对值大于0.5%,有必要考虑化学非平衡气体效应对进气道出口性能的影响。