人控交会对接控制方法研究

追踪器上的航天员根据摄像机的图像手动操作手柄完成目标器和追踪器的对接任务,为了减轻航天员负担,提高人控对接成功率,文章提出的思路是姿态控制采用自动控制,使得追踪器姿态和合作目标器姿态保持一致,航天员只负责相对位置控制。文章给出了航天员的相对位置控制策略,并将全系数自适应控制和PID控制方法用于追踪器的姿态控制。仿真结果表明,采用全系数自适应控制进行姿态控制过渡过程时间短、稳态精度高,有利于航天员完成人控对接的任务。     

论空间交会最终平移段制导设计

文章阐述了空间交会最终平移段的制导设计方法。在最终平移段 ,追踪航天器沿视线方向作受迫运动 ,逼近目标航天器对接部位 ,追踪航天器相对速度的变化一般考虑指数型与等速型两种模式 ,采用分段制导策略。由追踪航天器相对运动轨迹及速度变化率确定机动加速度 ,在工程上采用多次有限常推力机动方式或多次冲量机动方式     

多冲量最优交会

本文研究了两个空间飞行器在固定时间内燃料最省的多冲量交会问题。飞行器的相对运动由线性化的C-W方程描述,利用拉格朗日乘子法求得燃料最省时各冲量的时间、大小及方向。文中还讨论了初始条件和交会时间对燃料消耗的影响。     

约束条件下水平冲量多弧段交会机动方案设计

在交会过程的近距离寻的段 ,由于地面观测条件和追踪航天器燃料的限制 ,提出了固定时间交会和最大燃料消耗量的约束问题。本文探讨在此条件下 ,如何实现水平冲量多弧段交会机动。分析了交会过程中每一次机动的决定性因素 ,给出了解算满足两个过程约束条件的迭代算法 ,仿真算例表明了该算法的可行性。     

空间交会N次推力机动状态方程及控制算法

N次推力是一种值得推荐的空间交会机动推力模式。本文从C-W方程出发，推导出准确的N次推力机动状态方程，以此为依据阐述并比较了近程导引段N次推力制导的两种控制算法。     

航天器交会飞行设计方法研究

针对半自主飞行追踪星,阐述航天器交会总体设计方法。根据对接点的地理位置范围、共面轨道倾角以及目标星轨道周期与追踪星入轨点地理位置,确定交会飞行时间和两星初始相位差范围。考虑最小轨道机动动力要求与飞行轨迹安全性等因素,并兼顾地面测控条件,设计追踪星远程导引段与相对导航段的轨道机动与飞行轨迹,特别是选择与比较不同的初始轨道、调相轨道与漂移轨道以及保持点停泊时间与最终逼近段飞行时间等交会飞行要素,调整飞行时间、相位差与对接点位置,确定最佳交会飞行方案,完成空间交会任务。     

目标飞行器交会对接轨道的设计和控制

根据目标飞行器轨道高度和追踪飞行器入轨轨道高度,给出了目标飞行器交会对接轨道初始相位的设计方法。针对目标飞行器交会对接轨道控制要求,建立了共面相位计算模型以及轨道相位、高度和圆化度的多目标参数求解模型。基于定轨误差、轨道控制误差和轨道预报误差的调相时间分析,制定了目标飞行器调相控制策略。仿真计算表明,实现的目标飞行器交会对接轨道满足要求,验证了调相控制量优化原则的正确性,并对标称共面与虚拟共面的共面时刻和共面相位进行了比较。所提出的计算模型、控制策略和分析方法适用于目标飞行器交会对接轨道设计和控制实施。     

Super twisting controller for on-orbit servicing to non-cooperative target

A relative position and attitude coupled controller is proposed for rendezvous and docking between two docking ports located in different spacecraft. It is concerned with servicing to a tumbling non-cooperative target spacecraft in arbitrary orbit subjected to external disturbances.By considering both kinematic and dynamical coupled effects of relative rotation on relative translation, a coupled dynamic model is established to represent the relative motion of docking port on target spacecraft with respect to another on the service spacecraft. The spacecraft control is based on the second order sliding mode algorithm of super twisting(ST). It is schemed to manipulate the relative position and attitude synchronously. A formal proof of the finite time convergence property of the closed-loop system is derived theoretically by the second method of Lyapunov. Numerical simulations with the designed ST controller are presented to validate the analytic analysis by contrast with the twisting control algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed relative position and attitude integrated controller is characterized by high precision, strong robustness and high reliability.     

Two-level optimization approach for Mars orbital long-duration,large non-coplanar rendezvous phasing maneuvers

A relative dynamics equation-set based on orbital element differences with J₂ effects is derived, based on which a two-level approach is proposed to optimize the Mars orbital rendezvous phasing with a large difference in the initial ascending node. The up-level problem uses the revolution deviation between the target spacecraft and the chaser as the design variable, and employs a linear search to find the optimum. The low-level problem uses the maneuver revolutions, locations, and impulses as the design variables, and is solved using a hybrid genetic algorithm combined with sequential quadratic programming. To improve the solution accuracy, an iteration method is developed to satisfy the terminal constraints of the absolute numerical integration trajectory. Test cases involving Mars sample return missions with large initial node differences are presented, which show that the relative dynamics, two-level optimization model, and hybrid optimization algorithm are efficient and robust. Compared with previously published results, the total velocity increment has been further reduced by utilizing this proposed approach. It is found that a five-impulse plan requires the least quantity of propellant, and a propellant-optimal minimum rendezvous duration exists for this long-duration, large non-coplanar rendezvous problem.     

交会对接最后逼近阶段的CCD相机测量方案

本文提出在交会对接最后逼近阶段,采用任意安装的CCD相机及激光二极管阵列,测量追踪飞行器相对于目标飞行器的位置和姿态的方位角法和成像法测量方案,以及在采用单机和多机时的算法,并进行了分析比较。采用单机时,精度很高,而采用双机或多机,算法简单,速度快。将两者结合起来,可以较好地解决该阶段的测量问题。