薄膜二次表面镜热控涂层的辐射物性分析

认识热控涂层的热辐射物性对航天器热控制设计具有重要指导作用。文章根据薄膜二次表面镜涂层的吸收与反射过程分析,建立模型方程,结合已有的太阳吸收比、红外发射率等表观数据,采用非线性参数最小二乘法获得了薄膜材料的吸收系数和反射率等辐射物性,并分析了厚度对热控涂层太阳吸收比和红外发射率的影响。研究结果表明,聚酰亚胺薄膜对太阳光的表面反射率为0.571,吸收系数为19.343 mm-1,对红外辐射的表面反射率为0.227,吸收系数为39.615mm-1;F46薄膜对太阳光的表面反射率为0.744,吸收系数为0.757mm-1,对红外辐射的表面反射率为0.111,吸收系数为9.240mm-1。     

一种基于调节三镜的空间光学相机离焦补偿方法

离焦补偿是空间光学相机获得良好成像品质的关键。文章基于空间光学相机的技术特点分析其离焦补偿方法,提出调节三镜的离焦补偿方法。利用CODE V光学软件对某高性能光学小相机的光学系统进行仿真分析,获得离焦补偿精度、离焦补偿范围与系统成像品质的关系。为保证光学系统对移动三镜倾角控制要求,对三镜调焦机构直线精度及其力学稳定性进行了测试,最后对相机进行了地面外景成像验证与在轨测试。仿真及试验测试结果表明,调节三镜能有效地补偿空间三反相机在轨各因素引起的系统离焦,满足相机在轨成像品质要求。     

用于无运动部件变焦的球面变曲率镜设计及试验

将无运动部件变焦技术引入空间光学相机的设计中,能够在不干扰卫星平台工况的情况下使空间相机在通过目标区域上空时获取蕴含有目标不同层次信息的图像,从而为后续的识别、判读甚至超分辨率重建提供依据。无运动部件变焦的关键在于：基于光学杠杆效应的光学设计和可以产生较大尺度曲率变化的变曲率反射镜。目前已设计出一种无运动部件变焦原型光学系统,其中变曲率反射镜的有效口径不超过100mm,初始曲率半径为1740mm,且具备曲率增减双向变形能力。文章针对上述指标,设计了变曲率反射镜,并进行了有限元分析,利用具有高韧性、高抗拉断性以及高极限许用应力的碳纤维复合材料研制了反射镜,通过与13点高精度压电驱动器的集成,最终实现了变曲率镜的研制。试验结果表明,该球面变曲率镜可以实现1705~1760mm的曲率半径变化,对应的中心形变量接近23μm,优于国外同等规模器件所能达到的水平。     

基于iSIGHT集成平台的次镜支撑结构优化设计

空间遥感相机次镜支撑结构的稳定性对相机的成像品质具有很大的影响,对其进行分析和优化设计具有重要意义。通用的有限元分析方法无法对复杂结构自动进行多目标、多约束及多设计变量的优化设计。文章研究了以 iSIGHT 为集成平台的多目标优化设计方法及复杂结构的参数化有限元模型的建立方法,设计了次镜支撑结构的优化策略;通过分析得到了影响次镜支撑结构稳定性的各变量的灵敏度、设计空间及最优设计方案,结构性能大大提高。这种优化方法可以快速地找到最优方案,大大提高优化效率及产品的可靠性,可应用于其它次镜支撑结构设计乃至整个遥感器的设计中。     

Confinement characteristic of primary electrons with the variation of channel width in the discharge chamber of annular ion thruster

In this paper, the confinement characteristic of primary electrons in the non-axisymmetric discharge chamber of annular ion thruster is investigated by a three-dimensional (3D) non-self-consistent particle tracking model with Monte Carlo Collision (MCC) method. The results show that: The density of primary electrons upstream of ion optics on cathode axis is about 5–50 times higher than that of the other side, which means that the density of primary electrons is obviously non-axisymmetric. The channel width has a significant effect on the average density and uniformity of primary electrons. The average density can be increased by nearly 1.5 times under the appropriate channel width, meanwhile, the variance of density distribution can be reduced by more than 2 times. This is because that increasing the channel width can improve the average confinement length of primary electrons greatly. Furthermore, there is an infection point in the increase of primary electron average confinement length with the channel width, which caused by the significant change of magnetic field structure. Under the case after the inflection point, primary electron mainly (more than 50%) moves to the channel center, which makes the average confinement length of primary electrons and their number in the discharge chamber increase largely.     

球面镜折反射全向视觉系统理论研究

对球面镜折反射全向视觉系统的某些理论问题进行了研究。建立了球面镜系统的投影模型;推导了系统的垂直视场角和系统各参数问的关系;使用逆坐标映射方法对全向图像进行展开;建立了实验系统,最终验证了球面镜系统的应用意义。     

用于图像定位与配准的扫描辐射计扫描镜热变形模型研究

以某卫星扫描成像辐射计为研究对象,建立了扫描镜的热变形模型,并对模型进行了简化。模型应用结果表明,扫描镜镜面与扫描镜转轴需采用热特性接近的材料,通过增强仪器结构在Y向的刚度,能提高热变形模型的精度。用该模型获得的扫描镜热变形运动补偿(TMC)精度可满足卫星的使用要求。     

发动机故障诊断的主因子模型

提出了发动机故障论断的主因子模型。这是一种基于故障方程的参数诊断方法。主因子模型能够利用较少的测量参数对较多的故障类型进行论断,可以有效地克服故障方程病态的影响,保证诊断结果具有高的精度和信度,并提供诊断结果可靠性的评价信息。文中给出了主因子模型的基本理论、主因子模型的最优实用算法及其算例以及对于JT9D发动机的24个故障样本的验算结果。理论和实际考核表明主因子模型是一种有效的故障诊断方法。     

Design and feedforward control of large-rotation two-axis scan mirror assembly with MEMS sensor integration

As a key component of electro-optical systems, a Two-axis Scan mirror AssemblY(TSAY) is usually used for Line-of-Sight(LOS) precision pointing, tracking, scanning, and stabilizing. Therefore, it is necessary for a TSAY to have a large angular range, high dynamic characteristics, and small mirror surface distortion. Furthermore, vibration from carriers of electro-optical systems, such as spacecraft and airplanes, is inevitable, so it is critical to guarantee the control accuracy of a TSAY under vibration. In this paper, a TSAY prototype is designed and developed. To increase the control bandwidth, structural topology optimization is applied to the TSAY's elliptical mirror to reduce the moment of inertia, meanwhile keeping surface flatness. A flexible hinge is adopted to achieve a large angular range. To suppress the angular perturbation caused by the base linear vibration, an adaptive feedforward loop with base-integrated Micro-Electro-Mechanical System(MEMS) accelerators is constructed to enhance the TSAY's feedback loop. Simulation and experimental results show that the TSAY prototype's two-axis mechanical angular ranges are more than ±3.2°, the mirror surface flatness Root Mean Square(RMS) value is better than 0.04 k, and the closed-loop bandwidth is beyond 330 Hz. These are suitable for most applications. Besides, the angular perturbation caused by the base vibration can be suppressed more than 37.7% with the addition of the adaptive feedforward loop.     

基于半导体可饱和吸收镜的耦合光电振荡器

针对微波光子射频系统对高质量的高重频光脉冲的迫切需求，提出和研究基于半导体可饱和吸收镜的耦合光电振荡器，利用饱和吸收效应有效抑制超模噪声，有效改善耦合光电振荡器中超模噪声带来的光脉冲抖动问题。对半导体可饱和吸收镜抑制噪声的机理进行理论分析，并搭建实验系统，实现重频为10.6 GHz的光脉冲产生，超模抑制比达到55.3 dB，相应射频信号的边模抑制比为79.7 dB，相位噪声为-108 dBc/Hz@10 kHz。该方案创新性地将半导体可饱和吸收镜引入耦合光电振荡器中，实现对超模噪声的抑制，并为系统的小型化和集成化提供了关键技术支撑。