DD3单晶高温合金拉伸蠕变各向异性

研究了镍基单晶高温合金ＤＤ３（００１）,（０１１）,（１１１）取向光滑圆拉伸试样在７６０℃,８５０℃,９５０℃典型应力条件下的拉伸蠕变特征。试验发现,在较高蠕变应力水平时,ＤＤ３ 单晶合金具有明显且复杂的拉伸蠕变各向异性,且蠕变变形率及其对应力增加的敏感性的强弱顺序会随温度变化而发生变化。这归因于该合金的成分特征、蠕变应力、晶体取向决定的蠕变主滑移系类型（八面体、立方及二者混合）及位错移动动力学特点的不同     

发射药颗粒床中对流燃烧的实验研究

设计了耐压值为1000MPa的半密闭爆发器, 研究了单基发射药颗粒床中的点、传火过程和压力波动现象, 考察了实验参数(推进剂特性、空隙率、剪切片厚度等)对多孔床中对流燃烧特性的影响。实验观察到一维压力波的传播与反射;火焰传播过程中药床存在动态压缩现象, 这是形成压力波的主要因素;在低的装填密度下, 药床中未形成一维燃烧波。      

正压漏孔校准装置定容室容积测量方法研究

提出了一种正压漏可孔校准装置的定容室容积测量方法,通过在定容室上外接一个容器,并在其内部放置一个体积可以精确计量的金属棒,利用两次膨胀,计算出定容室的容积。该方法的优点是,不需要测量外接容器的容积,也不需要对压力测量值进行绝对校准,测量不确定度小,尤其适合小容积的精确测量。采用这种方法对一台恒压式正压漏孔校准装置的定容室容积进行了测量,分析了测量不确定度,实验结果表明,定容室的容积为9.85 mL,标准不确定度为0.81%,满足了装置的测量要求。     

金属橡胶材料静态特性的研究

金属橡胶材料是一种新型阻尼材料,且影响其特性的参数有很多。本文从其本构关系出发,通过改变不同的影响参数,针对不同形状、不同几何尺寸的构件,进行了理论分析和试验研究,总结出了影响其特性的参数及其变化规律,为进一步地设计和更好地应用金属橡胶构件提供有意义的依据。      

定向凝固涡轮叶片的晶体热粘塑性变形与损伤分析

采用一种考虑损伤的单晶体热—粘塑性变形本构模型和迭代求解数值方法,可以描述单晶在变温过程中的应力应变关系,还可以描述单晶在晶体滑移机制控制下的蠕变变形和孔洞型损伤;考虑定向凝固高温涡轮叶片的柱晶结构,应用本文模型和算法对包含若干个柱晶晶粒的定向凝固气冷涡轮叶片进行不均匀温度场下的变温热粘塑性蠕变和损伤分析。分析结果表明:该涡轮叶片在本文考虑条件下处于较低的应力水平,500小时叶尖蠕变伸长低于0.006mm。      

基于大涡模拟的离心式喷嘴雾化过程研究

为实现离心式喷嘴雾化过程的精确数值仿真,探究喷嘴内部流动特性与外部液膜破碎形式,采用基于大涡模拟的仿真方法,对一种典型的四进口离心式喷嘴进行研究,仿真结果揭示了喷嘴内部相界面的振荡现象与外部液膜的破碎细节,并通过耦合流体体积法（VOF）与离散相模型（DPM）,获得液滴粒径的空间分布特征。研究结果表明：在液体填充过程中,喷嘴内的气液相界面存在波动与褶皱,形状并不稳定,内部的空气芯直径呈现正弦模式的振荡变化,喷嘴出口液膜厚度沿周向分布不均,这些因素导致出口附近的液膜表面出现扰动。在不同的进口条件下,不稳定性导致液膜表面上的扰动波形式不同。进口压力为0.3MPa时,液膜破碎由开尔文-亥姆霍兹（K-H）不稳定性产生的轴向正弦波所导致,产生沿周向分布的环形液带;在0.7MPa下,液膜表面开始出现由瑞利-泰勒（R-T）不稳定性引发的周向扰动波;随着压力增加至1.1MPa,液膜的破碎则由R-T不稳定性主导,产生沿轴向分布的液带结构,随后在气动力与表面张力的作用下破碎成液滴。二次雾化破碎后,喷嘴外部截面内的粒径呈“单谷”分布,液滴平均粒径计算结果与实验的最大相对误差为5.1%,与实验数据吻合度较高。     

Design and optimization of a novel electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system for heavy fuel aircraft piston engine

The heavy fuel compression ignition engines are widely equipped as aircraft piston engines. The fuel injection system is one of the key technologies that determines the performance of engine. One of the main challenges is to precisely control the injected fuel quantity and flow rate in the presence of pressure fluctuation. This challenge is even more serious for heavy fuel. An original design for electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system called Multi-Pumppressure-reservoirs fuel injection System(MPS) was demonstrated to reduce the pressure fluctuation and help keep injection stable. MPS was compared with an ordinary high pressure Common Rail fuel injection System(CRS). This work established one-dimensional AMESim and mathematical models for both CRS and MPS to study the effect of different structures and geometric parameters on the pressure fluctuations. The calculations show that the average fuel pressure fluctuation of MPS can be reduced by 57% for the crankshaft speed of 1900 r/min, and the pressure fluctuation before injection reduced by 100%. It is concluded that the pressure performance of MPS is less sensitive to pressure reservoir volume than that of CRS, and there is an opportunity for further volume reduction.     

航空高强度碳纤维单向层合结构复合材料在切削过程中的各向异性行为研究

单向层合结构的高强度碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料已逐渐发展成为航空承力结构件的主要材料,相关的切削加工需求也越来越多。由于显著的各向异性,单向层合结构的碳纤维复合材料易在切削加工中形成缺陷,难切削加工性明显。采用直角自由切削试验的方法,得到了T700航空高强度碳纤维单向层合结构复合材料在不同纤维方向角下的切削力、切削比能、切削温度、切削加工表面。基于试验结果讨论了碳纤维单向层合材料在切削过程中力热行为的各向异性,得到了不同切削参数条件下的切削比能图谱以及碳纤维复合材料的切削热源和传导模型。通过扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)分析了典型切削加工表面的特征,得到了不同纤维方向下的表面形成规律。     

流量可调燃气发生器压力闭环模糊控制算法

为了改进流量可调燃气发生器的调节精度,引入燃气发生器压力闭环控制,针对流量可调燃气发生器压力闭环控制特点,在压力闭环中引入了模糊积分控制,此控制算法响应速度快,超调量较小,不同工况及长时间工作下系统仍然有较好的动态特性.     

Improved interpretation of solar wind ion measurements via high-resolution magnetic field data

The Wind   spacecraft’s Faraday cups (FC) continue to produce high-quality, in situ observations of thermal protons (i.e., ionized hydrogen) and α$\alpha$-particles (i.e., fully ionized helium) in the solar wind. By fitting a Wind/FC ion spectrum with a model velocity distribution function (VDF) for each particle species, values for density, bulk velocity, and temperature can be inferred. Incorporating measurements of the background magnetic field from the Wind Magnetic Field Investigation (MFI) allows perpendicular and parallel temperature components to be separated. Prior implementations of this analysis averaged the higher-cadence Wind/MFI measurements to match that of the Wind/FC ion spectra. However, this article summarizes recent and extensive revisions to the analysis software that, among other things, eliminate such averaging and thereby account for variations in the direction of the magnetic field over the time taken to measure the ions. A statistical comparison reveals that the old version consistently underestimates the temperature anisotropy of ion VDF’s: averaging over fluctuations in the magnetic field essentially blurs the perpendicular and parallel temperature components, which makes the plasma seem artificially more isotropic. The new version not only provides a more accurate dataset of ion parameters (which is well suited to the study of microkinetic phenomena), it also demonstrates a novel technique for jointly processing particle and field data. Such methods are crucial to heliophysics as wave-particle interactions are increasingly seen as playing an important role in the dynamics of the solar wind and similar space plasmas.