远东地区的微粒E层事件

本文给出了1983-1985年磁暴期间,我国乌鲁木齐等七个站及日本国分寺等五个站出现微粒E层的情况;得到了微粒E层的日变化、月变化和纬度变化;结合同时的地磁、宇宙线、TEC和电离层的变化,对微粒E层出现率作了分析。初步证实:微粒E层的形成和维持与赤道环电流指数(Dst)负变幅大小密切相关,此外还同宇宙线的FD(Forbushdecreases)事件的出现有关。作者认为,沉降粒子可能是低纬地区微粒E层事件的主要粒子来源。      

Spatiotemporal variations in litter mass and their relationships with climate in temperate grassland: A case study from Xilingol grassland,Inner Mongolia (China)

Clarifying spatiotemporal variations of litter mass and their relationships with climate factors will advance our understanding of ecosystem structure and functioning in grasslands. Our objective is to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of litter mass in the growing season and their relationships with precipitation and temperature in the Xilingol grassland using MOD09A1 data. With widely used STI (simple tillage index), we firstly estimated the litter mass of Xilingol grassland in the growing season from 2000 to 2014. Then we investigated the variations of litter mass in the growing season at regional and site scales. We further explored the spatiotemporal relationships between litter mass and precipitation and temperature at both scales. The litter mass increased with increasing mean annual precipitation and decreasing mean annual temperature at regional scale. The variations of litter mass at given sites followed quadratic function curves in the growing season, and litter mass generally attained maximums between August 1 and September 1. Positive spatial relationship was observed between litter mass variations and precipitation, and negative spatial relationship was found between litter mass variations and temperature in the growing season. There was no significant relationship between inter-annual variations of litter mass and precipitation and temperature at given sites. Results illustrate that precipitation and temperature are important drivers in shaping ecosystem functioning as reflected in litter mass at regional scale in the Xilingol grassland. Our findings also suggest the action of distinct mechanism in controlling litter mass variations at regional and sites scales.     

高强不锈钢的发展与应用技术

结合国内外高强度不锈钢的发展情况,介绍国内此类钢种研发最新成果及其强韧化机理,综合评价了其发展趋势和应用前景.     

Preliminary evidence for drizzle in the middle cloud layer of Venus

Vertical trajectory data from the VEGA 1 and 2 balloon flights in the atmosphere of Venus is re-analyzed. A previously employed helium leak rate profile invoked to entirely account for the decrease in equilibrium float altitude of VEGA 2 is questioned and deemed ad hoc. As an alternative, it is proposed that both VEGA 1 and 2 experienced in-flight mass increases due to the deposition of cloud particles onto their envelopes, as well as losing helium at a reduced rate consistent with the pre-flight prediction. Particle deposition rates are estimated and found to be compatible with this alternative scenario. Possible evidence for drizzle is also presented. Preliminary experiments to derive aerosol deposition rate on a flat plate and the maximum feasible liquid mass that may be accumulated on a near-spherical envelope are briefly described. Further experimental work is recommended to constrain the deposition efficiency values involved and the maximum feasible drizzle fluxes that could have been encountered by both VEGA 1 and 2.     

国外星载气象雷达技术研究

调查研究了国外星载气象雷达技术发展情况,在对多颗典型卫星分析的基础上总结了其技术发展特点和趋势,并对开展星载气象雷达技术先期研究工作提出了建议。     

High-Latitude Particle Precipitation and its Relationship to Magnetospheric Source Regions

Two central issues in magnetospheric research are understanding the mapping of the low-altitude ionosphere to the distant regions of the magnetsphere, and understanding the relationship between the small-scale features detected in the various regions of the ionosphere and the global properties of the magnetosphere. The high-latitude ionosphere, through its magnetic connection to the outer magnetosphere, provides an important view of magnetospheric boundaries and the physical processes occurring there. All physical manifestations of this magnetic connectivity (waves, particle precipitation, etc.), however, have non-zero propagation times during which they are convected by the large-scale magnetospheric electric field, with phenomena undergoing different convection distances depending on their propagation times. Identification of the ionospheric signatures of magnetospheric regions and phenomena, therefore, can be difficult. Considerable progress has recently been made in identifying these convection signatures in data from low- and high-altitude satellites. This work has allowed us to learn much about issues such as: the rates of magnetic reconnection, both at the dayside magnetopause and in the magnetotail; particle transport across the open magnetopause; and particle acceleration at the magnetopause and the magnetotail current sheets.     

不同预变形量T8态时效2195铝锂合金微观组织与强度贡献

以21 mm厚度2195铝锂合金板材为对象，研究了T8态时效时预变形量对其微观组织及力学性能的影响以及不同因素对屈服强度的贡献。结果表明：随着预变形量增大，时效时析出的T1相尺寸减小，数密度增大；而θ′相尺寸和数密度都减小。148 ℃/38 h时效时，预变形量从3%增加到15%，屈服强度由596 MPa增大到638 MPa，但伸长率由13.8%降低到10.7%。随着预拉伸量逐渐增大，时效析出相对屈服强度贡献逐渐降低，而加工硬化对屈服强度的贡献逐渐提高。合金的屈服强度取决于加工硬化和时效析出强化的共同作用。     

Improved creep aging response in Al-Cu alloy by applying pre-aging before pre-straining

The improvement of post-form properties without compromising creep formability has been a critical issue in creep age forming of aluminum alloy component. A pretreatment process incorporating artificial pre-aging at 165 °C for 6 h/12 h/24 h followed by pre-strain(3%–9%)has been developed. This method not only evidently improves the strength but also accelerates the creep deformation during creep aging of an Al-Cu alloy. A strength increase of 50 MPa with a slight decrease of ductility relative t...     

SiCW增强锌基复合材料时效反应动力学研究

采用差示扫描量热计研究了碳化硅晶须增强锌基复合材料的时效动力学，分别采用两种不同方法测定了时效反应的激活能，并比较了其优缺点，最后提出了自己的看法。