MHD numerical simulations of proto-stellar jets

We will summarize in this paper the effects that the presence of the magnetic field can cause to proto-stellar jet dynamics, structure and emission line properties, and the differences between two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations will be emphasized. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Strange star Equation of State with a modified Richardson potential

Richardson potential is an phenomenological interquark interaction taking care of two aspects of QCD, namely the asymptotic freedom and the confinement. The original potential has a scale parameter having value 400 MeV and is well tested in hadronic property calculations. This potential was then used in strange star calculation. Strange stars are very compact stars composed of strange quark matter, i.e. a very high density strange quark phase consisting of deconfined u, d and s quarks. Here the value of the scale parameter was taken as 100 MeV. The argument was that for a deconfined quark system like a strange star, the scale parameter may have a value quite different from that used in hadronic sector. To remove this discrepancy we introduced two scale parameters in the potential, one for the asymptotic freedom part and the other for the confining part. With suitable values of the parameters, this modified potential has been successfully used in both baryonic property and strange star calculations. The Equation of States obtained with the modified potential are also used to obtain mass–radius relations for the strange stars.     

Dynamical cartography of Earth satellite orbits

We have carried out a numerical investigation of the coupled gravitational and non-gravitational perturbations acting on Earth satellite orbits in an extensive grid, covering the whole circumterrestrial space, using an appropriately modified version of the SWIFT symplectic integrator, which is suitable for long-term ($～$120?years) integrations of the non-averaged equations of motion. Hence, we characterize the long-term dynamics and the phase-space structure of the Earth-orbiter environment, starting from low altitudes ($～$400?km) and going up to the GEO region and beyond. This investigation was done in the framework of the EC-funded “ReDSHIFT” project, with the purpose of enabling the definition of passive debris removal strategies, based on the use of physical mechanisms inherent in the complex dynamics of the problem (i.e., resonances). Accordingly, the complicated interactions among resonances, generated by different perturbing forces (i.e., lunisolar gravity, solar radiation pressure, tesseral harmonics in the geopotential) are accurately depicted in our results, where we can identify the regions of phase space where the motion is regular and long-term stable and regions for which eccentricity growth and even instability due to chaotic behavior can emerge. The results are presented in an “atlas” of dynamical stability maps for different orbital zones, with a particular focus on the (drag-free) range of semimajor axes, where the perturbing effects of the Earth’s oblateness and lunisolar gravity are of comparable order. In some regions, the overlapping of the predominant lunisolar secular and semi-secular resonances furnish a number of interesting disposal hatches at moderate to low eccentricity orbits. All computations were repeated for an increased area-to-mass ratio, simulating the case of a satellite equipped with an on-board, area-augmenting device. We find that this would generally promote the deorbiting process, particularly at the transition region between LEO and MEO. Although direct reentry from very low eccentricities is very unlikely in most cases of interest, we find that a modest “delta-v” ($\mathrm{\Delta }V$) budget would be enough for satellites to be steered into a relatively short-lived resonance and achieve reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere within reasonable timescales ($～$50?years).     

复杂条件下的运动目标检测方法研究综述

运动目标检测是当前研究热点之一,被广泛地应用于计算机视觉、视频处理等领域。将运动目标检测的三种常用方法进行对比,总结其各自的适用性及局限性。针对光照变化、背景存在干扰运动、前景色与背景色接近等复杂条件,综述了相应的多种解决方案,并指出了方案算法的局限性,对复杂条件下运动目标检测方法的发展方向进行展望,从而为相关工作的进一步研究指出了方向。     

Parametric study of the diversion of a near Earth object on an Earth intersecting trajectory

To date, NASA's “Near Earth Object Program” has discovered over 5500 comets and asteroids on trajectories that bring them within “the neighborhood” of Earth's orbit. Nearly 1000 of these objects are classified as “potentially hazardous,” passing within 0.05 astronomical units of Earth's orbit. Discovery rates of such threatening bodies increase each year. Given this multitude of threats, in addition to evidence that the planet has absorbed many impacts over its history, it is reasonable to assume that another object will strike the Earth at some point in the future. Consequently, researchers have studied and proposed several mitigation techniques for such an occurrence. This study seeks to determine how effectively the attachment of a tether and ballast mass would divert the trajectory of such threatening objects. Specifically, the study analyzes the effects over time of such a system on objects of varying orbital semimajor axis and eccentricity, using various tether lengths and ballast masses. It was determined that the technique is most effective for NEOs with high eccentricity and small semimajor axis, and that system performance increases as tether length and ballast mass increase.     

Redefining safety in commercial space: Understanding debates over the safety of private human spaceflight initiatives in the United States

In 2009 President Obama proposed a budget for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that canceled the Constellation program and included the development of commercial crew transportation systems into low Earth orbit. This significant move to shift human spaceflight into the private sector sparked political debate, but much of the discourse has focused on impacts to “safety.” Although no one disputes the importance of keeping astronauts safe, strategies for defining safety reveal contrasting visions for the space program and opposing values regarding the privatization of U.S. space exploration. In other words, the debate over commercial control has largely become encoded in arguments over safety. Specifically, proponents of using commercial options for transporting astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS) argue that commercial vehicles would be safe for astronauts, while proponents of NASA control argue that commercial vehicles would be unsafe, or at least not as safe as NASA vehicles. The cost of the spaceflight program, the technical requirements for designing a vehicle, the track record of the launch vehicle, and the experience of the launch provider are all incorporated into what defines safety in human spaceflight. This paper analyzes these contested criteria through conceptual lenses provided by fields of science and technology policy (STP) and science, technology, and society (STS). We ultimately contend that these differences in definition result not merely from ambiguous understandings of safety, but from intentional and strategic choices guided by normative positions on the commercialization of human spaceflight. The debate over safety is better considered a proxy debate for the partisan preferences embedded within the dispute over public or private spaceflight.     

一种基于EPSO的航天器交会轨迹优化方法

研究了航天器在固定时间内燃料最省的多脉冲交会问题,提出了一种基于种群熵粒子群优化 (Population Entropy based Particle Swarm Optimization,EPSO)算法的交会轨迹优化设计方法。采用线性化C\|W方程描述航天器的相对运动,以能耗最优为控制目标,得到了基于连续推力的最优转移轨迹,用于确定脉冲点的位置。考虑工程实用性,采用多脉冲控制方法,利用脉冲点的位置参数建立了以脉冲点时间间隔为决策变量的优化目标函数,并用EPSO算法进行求解。在EPSO中,种群熵描述粒子在搜索空间中位置分布的混乱程度,并通过上一代的种群熵确定下一代的搜索空间,从而减少搜索空间的浪费,提高了算法的搜索速度和收敛精度。仿真结果表明,算法本身具有良好的优化性能,适用于航天器轨迹优化。     

大型客机CATⅢ级精密进近着陆设备的适航性要求

本文主要研究CATIII运行的适航性,首先介绍了适航性的基本概念,同时指出运输类飞机有关设备、系统及安装的适航标准,然后根据进场、着陆和滑跑三个飞行阶段,从性能、完好性、有效性三个方面提出系统适航性的具体要求,此外还包括某些自动飞行控制系统的适航要求,最后简述有关使用和维修方面的持续适航性。     

大比例尺地图图幅编号的计算

根据飞行任务和航行情报工作的需要,在需使用大比例尺地图时,必须知道所在地点大比例尺地图的图幅编号。为迅速、准确地算出大比例尺地图的图幅编号,本文介绍了一种运用公式计算的新方法。计算结果,经验证无误。     

大型铁磁性物体近场磁异常场数值仿真

磁异常探测是一种在地球物理领域有着广泛应用的探测方法,磁异常场的空间分布规律信息是磁异常探测的主要理论依据。对矩形铁磁性物体空间磁场模型进行了推导,利用ANSYS Maxwell分析了大型铁磁性物体近场的磁异常场空间分布规律。针对不同地磁场方向条件,得到了近场空间磁感应强度总量分布及矢量分布规律,揭示了在不同条件下磁感应强度模量场和矢量场都具有普遍的对称性和规律性。通过对仿真模型进行缩比试验,测量了类似条件下模型近场的磁感应强度模量场和矢量场信息,验证了仿真得到的磁异常场空间分布规律的一致性和正确性。