硬铝合金预拉伸、热处理后成形性能的正交试验研究

在铝合金实际成形工艺的基础上通过正交试验研究了成形过程的各个因素:热处理前的变形、试件取样拉伸方向、时效时间及材料厚度对淬火后铝合金各成形性能指标的影响,得到了这些因素对材料各个性能指标的影响规律和新淬火状态下铝合金成形性能的特点,指出了热处理后材料的变形效应并没有消失,甚至依然显著地影响着某些成形性能,给出了2D12铝合金板料在新淬火状态下的本构关系,为成形工艺的制定及数值模拟分析提供了依据。     

小功率电弧喷射发动机的数值计算

为详细了解电弧喷射发动机内部工作过程和相关工作参数对其性能的影响，参照实验用发动机的工作参数建立了模型，数值模拟了电弧喷射发动机工作通道内流场和电磁场。利用NND格式求解耦合电磁源项N－S方程，Gauss-Seidel迭代加超松驰方法求解椭圆型电磁场方程，计算得到的发动机工作通道内流场、电磁场结构，与实验数据进行了对比。结果表明，对同一结构尺寸的发动机，随推进剂流量变化，发动机性能存在最佳值；在一定流量范围内，实验数据和计算结果相符。     

固体推进剂等离子体点火研究

为了研究等离子体对固体推进剂点火性能的影响，分别对双基药和硝胺药等两种固体推进剂，进行了等离子体点火实验。实验装置包括等离子体源、热电偶丝和动态信号分析仪。通过实验，获得了两种固体推进剂在不同的等离子体能量输入的条件下，其表面温度随时间变化的曲线。与常规点火数据相比，固体推进剂的等离子体点火延迟时间明显缩短。不同类型的固体推进剂，在相同的等离子体能量输入条件下，其点火性能不同；同一种类型的固体推进剂，在不同的等离子体能量输入条件下，其点火性能也不一样。     

The multifuid solar wind termination shock and its influence on the threedimensional plasma structure upstream and downstream

The solar wind termination shock is described as a multi-fluid phenomenon taking into account the magnetohydrodynamic self-interaction of a multispecies plasma consisting of solar wind ions, pick-up ions and shock-generated anomalous cosmic ray particles. The spatial diffusion of these high energy particles relative to the resulting, pressure-modified solar wind flow structure is described by a coupled system of differential equations describing mass-, momentum-, and energy-flow continuities for all plasma components. The energy loss due to escape of energetic particles (MeV) from the precursor into the inner heliosphere is taken into account. We determine the integrated properties of the anomalous cosmic ray gas and the low-energy solar wind. Also the variation of the compression ratio of the shock structure is quantitatively determined and is related to the pick-up ion energization efficiency and to the mean energy of the downstream anomalous cosmic ray particles. The variation of the resulting shock structure and of the solar wind sheath plasma extent beyond the shock is discussed with respect to its consequences for the LISM neutral gas filtration and the threedimensional shape of the heliosphere.     

Relationship Between Substorm Auroras and Processes in the Near-Earth Magnetotail

Although the auroral substorm has been long regarded as a manifestation of the magnetospheric substorm, a direct relation of active auroras to certain magnetospheric processes is still debatable. To investigate the relationship, we combine the data of the UV imager onboard the Polar satellite with plasma and magnetic field measurements by the Geotail spacecraft. The poleward edge of the auroral bulge, as determined from the images obtained at the LHBL passband, is found to be conjugated with the region where the oppositely directed fast plasma flows observed in the near-Earth plasma sheet during substorms are generated. We conclude that the auroras forming the bulge are due to the near-Earth reconnection process. This implies that the magnetic flux through the auroral bulge is equal to the flux dissipated in the magnetotail during the substorm. Comparison of the magnetic flux through the auroral bulge with the magnetic flux accumulated in the tail lobe during the growth phase shows that these parameters have the comparable values. This is a clear evidence of the loading–unloading scheme of substorm development. It is shown that the area of the auroral bulge developing during substorm is proportional to the total (magnetic plus plasma) pressure decrease in the magnetotail. These findings stress the importance of auroral bulge observations for monitoring of substorm intensity in terms of the magnetic flux and energy dissipation.     

流动显示的现状和发展

本文以第四届国际流动显示会议为主要内容,结合其它资料介绍流动显示的现状和发展。     

金属板料的激光冲击变形分析及其实验研究

介绍了激光冲击变形机理和冲击波产生原因,并建立了激光冲击下的板料变形模型,且推导了板料变形量计算公式。根据爆轰波和爆炸气体动力学理论,建立了激光冲击成形中激光-能量转换体-靶材系统爆轰波压力的估算式,并根据冲击波压力估算式估算所需激光脉冲能量,从而探讨了板料变形与激光能量、冲击波压力之间的关系,并进行实验研究。实验结果表明,板料厚度对变形量的影响与变形理论模型的分析基本相同,其变形量随厚度的增加而呈指数曲线减小,其轮廓形状也由小圆锥形逐渐向小球冠状变化。     

余辉等离子体的实验研究

利用调制脉冲产生的余辉等离子体的参数测量表明:等离子体空间电位和电子温度的衰变是重要的,它在余辉等离子体的密度衰变过程研究中必须予以考虑.对容器中余辉等离子体密度径向分布的测量结果与理论预言是一致的.     

Fractal Structure of the Heliospheric Plasma Sheet at the Earth''''s Orbit

An analysis of the data from the Wind and IMP-8 spacecraft revealed that a slow solar wind, flowing in the heliospheric plasma sheet, represents a set of magnetic tubes with plasma of increased density (N > 10cm-3 at the Earth's orbit). They have a fine structure at several spatial scales (fractality), from 2°-3°(at the Earth's orbit, it is equivalent to 3.6-5.4h, or (5.4-8.0)×106km) to the minimum about 0.025°, i.e. the angular size of the nested tubes is changed nearly by two orders of magnitude. The magnetic tubes at each observed spatial scale are diamagnetic, i.e. their surface sustains a flow of diamagnetic (or drift) current that decreases the magnetic field within the tube itself and increases it outside the tube. Furthermore, the value of β= 8π[N(Te + Tp)]/B2 within the tube exceeds the value of βoutside the tube. In many cases total pressure P = N(Te + Tp) + B2/8πis almost constant within and outside the tubes at any one of the aforementioned scales.     

等离子体助燃下超燃支板燃烧室燃烧特性数值研究

为了将支板喷注器与等离子体射流这两种促进超声速燃烧室燃烧的方式结合起来,设计了一种带有等离子体射流喷孔的支板燃烧室,并在超声速来流的条件下,针对燃料喷注总压、燃料喷注位置、等离子体射流介质、等离子体射流总压对燃烧室燃烧性能的影响进行了三维数值模拟。研究发现:增大燃料的喷注总压,燃烧室的燃烧范围明显增大,燃烧效率呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,在燃料喷注总压为2.0MPa时,燃烧效率达到最大值90.4%;不同的燃料喷注位置对燃烧室的燃烧范围影响较小;等离子体射流介质为O2时,燃烧效率最高,燃烧范围最广;提高等离子体射流的喷注总压,能够提升凹腔剪切层高度,有效促进燃烧,但同时也带来了更高的总压损失。