镁合金绿色高效焊接技术研究进展

镁合金是航空航天领域应用最为广泛的轻合金之一.随着镁合金应用的不断深入,对具有高精度、低能耗、高效率特征的绿色焊接技术提出了迫切需求,并成为镁合金焊接制造发展的重要方向.针对上述需求,围绕镁合金激光诱导电弧复合焊接技术,镁合金活性高效焊接技术以及镁合金与异种金属的连接技术展开系统研究.采用激光诱导电弧复合焊接技术成功实现了镁合金低能耗高效焊接制造,与传统电弧焊接相比显著提高了焊接制造效率,降低了焊接制造能耗.采用激光胶焊技术及激光-电弧复合焊接技术实现了镁合金与铝合金及镁合金和钢铁的高性能焊接制造.上述绿色焊接制造技术研究成果为实现航空镁合金轻量化结构件的设计和制造提供了有力支撑.     

低轨卫星月影事件预报优化

针对卫星月影问题,提出了一种低轨卫星优化的月影预报策略,可以有效提高目前低轨卫星在轨管理时对月影事件预报的效率.结合仿真对产生月影事件的太阳、地球、月球的三体关系进行了分析,首先给出了月影产生的解析分析方法,并通过对一个三维月影影响模型的分析,得到了月影影响区间的判定要素——月影临界角;然后进一步通过对月影临界角的分析,提出了基于太阳与白道面的位置关系和月影临界角对低轨卫星月影事件的优化预报方法;最后基于大量的随机低轨卫星场景对本方法的正确性进行了验证.研究结果表明,此方法能够较大地提高月影预报效率,可以将月影预报频率从每月1次降低到每年2次,从而简化了低轨卫星在轨运行管理的任务复杂度,为卫星的在轨可靠运行提供支持.     

基于PaSR模型的低旋流燃烧大涡模拟

为了深入理解低旋流流场特征和燃烧稳定性,基于OpenFOAM平台,采用动态k方程模型和有限速率PaSR模型对甲烷/空气预混低旋流燃烧进行了大涡模拟,研究了气流入口速度、当量比和压力等流场参数对流场结构和燃烧非稳态特性的影响,分析了流场大尺度结构与火焰相互作用。结果表明,流场结构和火焰抬升高度受入口速度影响较小,流场和火焰形态能够保持自相似性;随着当量比和压力提高,流场扩张性增强并在燃烧区下游产生回流区,火焰稳定不依赖回流区,根部火焰锋面形状由U形转变为W形,火焰抬升高度降低。火焰锋面稳定在剪切层,剪切层产生的周期性有序涡结构引起当地流场速度脉动和火焰表面褶皱,反映了流场非稳态特性;通过剪切层监测点瞬时轴向速度分析,涡结构特征频率随速度增大而提高,由250Hz提高至300Hz,随当量比和压力提高而降低,由250Hz降低至125Hz。     

燃气轮机燃烧室预混喷嘴排放性能的试验和数值研究

为了研究当量比、值班燃料量和压力对燃气轮机燃烧室预混喷嘴排放指标的影响,在环境压力下按照等速模化原理进行了燃烧室预混喷嘴的燃烧试验,基于化学反应网络法构建了污染物预测模型,开展了试验和数值对比研究。结果表明:在带值班燃料的情况下该预混喷嘴当量比φ在0.35～0.5时可满足国标排放要求,但是值班燃料量增大会使NO_x排放升高;在φ0.4时,压力对纯预混燃烧NO_x生成无影响,φ0.4时,NO_x会随压力升高而增多;带有值班燃料的预混燃烧时,NO_x对压力变化敏感,压力升高导致NO_x增多;该预混喷嘴混合性能对空气流速不敏感、燃料兼容性强,排放达标当量比范围宽,经进一步设计开发后有潜力应用于燃气轮机低排放燃烧室中。该化学反应器网络模型依赖经验较少,当值班燃料比例≤0.17时,对污染物预测与试验数据符合较好。     

Very low frequency interferometry for the Chang’E-2 project

Very low frequency interferometry among two astronomical experiments has been proposed and accepted for further study for the second phase of China’s lunar exploration programme (the Chang’E Programme), which is envisaged to operate a lander and a rover on the surface of the moon. This experiment is an interferometer experiment in the very low frequency (VLF, f < 15 MHz) regime of radio frequencies with at least degree-level angular resolution. The goals include observing solar storm activities, Coronal Mass Ejections, Auroral Kilometric Radiation, and planetary radiation in the solar system, studying the origin of Cosmic Rays, spectral properties of pulsars, surveying ionized hydrogen in the Galaxy, and exploring coherent radio emissions.     

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth based on the low cycle strain damage accumulation near the crack tip along the cracking direction and the Newman–Raju formula is developed. The crack is regarded as a sharp notch with a small curvature radius and the process zone is assumed to be the size of cyclic plastic zone. The modified Hutchinson, Rice and Rosengren(HRR) formulations are used in the presented study. Assuming that the shape of surface crack front is controlled by two critical points: the deepest point and the surface point.The theoretical model is applied to semi-elliptic surface cracked Al 7075-T6 alloy plate under cyclic loading, and five different initial crack shapes are discussed in present study. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical results is obtained.     

轻质隔热纳米孔结构耐烧蚀酚醛材料

在一定温度下,通过改性剂组分与热固性钡酚醛树脂之间热共聚反应,制备了改性酚醛树脂。采
用模压工艺制备出具有目标尺寸和形状的改性酚醛树脂固化物,对该样品分别进行了400 和700℃的炭化处
理,得到了相应的酚醛炭化样品,并测试其密度、失重率、收缩率等特征参数。研究改性剂用量对碳化物特征参
数和性能的影响,如密度、失重率形貌、比表面积、隔热性能、压缩强度等。SEM 研究表明,700℃炭化后样品形
成了“珊瑚状”碳结构,形成了30 ~150 nm 纳米孔。比表面积测试(BET)结果表明其比表面积可达464 m2 / g。
隔热性能与力学性能的测试结果表明,相对于未改性酚醛树脂碳化物,改性酚醛碳化物的热导率降低了
45． 57%,并且保持了较好的压缩强度。     

One-to-one relationship between low latitude whistlers and conjugate source lightning discharges and their propagation characteristics

One-to-one relation with its causative lightning discharges and propagation features of night-time whistlers recorded at low-latitude station, Allahabad (geomag. lat. 16.05°N, L = 1.08), India, from continuous observations made during 1–7 April, 2011 have been studied. The whistler observations were made using the Automatic Whistler Detector (AWD) system and AWESOME VLF receiver. The causative lightning strikes of whistlers were checked in data provided by World-Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). A total of 32 whistlers were observed out of which 23 were correlated with their causative lightnings in and around the conjugate location (geom. lat. 9.87°S) of Allahabad. A multi-flash whistler is also observed on 1 April with dispersions 15.3, 17.5 and 13.6 s^1/2. About 70% (23 out of 32) whistlers were correlated with the WWLLN detected causative lightnings in the conjugate region which supports the ducted mode of propagation at low latitude. The multi-flash and short whistlers also propagated most likely in the ducted mode to this station.     

Investigation of natural and artificial stimulation of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator at high latitude

A brief review is provided of recent progress in understanding the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) at high latitude. Firstly, naturally occurring resonances of the IAR as detected by pulsation magnetometers in the auroral zone at Sodankylä and in the polar cap at Barentsburg are considered. The characteristics of the IAR in the two regions are broadly similar, although the effects of solar illumination are less clear at the higher latitudes. Secondly we review recent attempts to stimulate the IAR through high-power radio frequency experiments both in the auroral zone at Tromsø with the European Incoherent SCATter (EISCAT) heater, and within the polar cap at Longyearbyen with the Space Plasma Exploration by Active Radar (SPEAR) facility. In the auroral zone at, Tromsø the stimulated IAR has been observed by ground-based magnetometers, and through electron acceleration observed on the FAST spacecraft. At SPEAR in the polar cap, the stimulated IAR has been investigated, with ground magnetometers, with the first results indicative of a positive detection.     

Evolution of binaries with chemically peculiar primaries

The chemically peculiar (CP) stars are classified into subgroups based on the type of peculiarities. A significant fraction of these are known to be binaries. The faster evolution of the massive component leads to a white dwarf or a neutron star. Further evolution of the binary is analysed taking into consideration, the orbital parameters, effect of magnetic field, spectroscopic peculiarities and finally the statistics of CP binaries and Low Mass X-ray Binaries (LMXB).

The possible consequences of the evolution to lead to the formation of Magnetic Cataclysmic Variables (MCV) and LMXB are discussed.