环月轨道交会的载人登月任务轨道与窗口规划

针对环月轨道(Low Lunar Orbit,LLO)共面交会支持的"人货分离"载人登月任务,提出了一种任务窗口与轨道一体化规划方法。分析了基于LLO共面交会的"人货分离"载人登月任务的基本流程和工程约束;针对任务各阶段窗口与轨道求解问题,提出了以动力下降时刻为迭代初值的窗口规划策略,并建立了高精度模型下的环月轨道、双二体模型下的人员和货物运输轨道规划模型。以载人月球探测中国科学家命名的环形山为假想背景,给出仿真实例,仿真结果验证了文章所提方法的正确性,为探月工程任务提供了一种有效的窗口与轨道设计工具。     

地-月L2点中继星月球近旁转移轨道设计

位于地月L2点周期轨道的中继星将首次为"嫦娥4号"月球背面着陆探测任务提供通信中继服务。中继星转移轨道设计是中继任务实施的关键环节。针对中继星转移轨道存在转移时间、近月点高度和halo轨道振幅等约束条件,系统研究了基于月球近旁的地月L2点转移轨道设计方法。首先基于限制性三体模型,分析了halo轨道族与着陆点可见性关系;然后将月球近旁转移轨道分为地月直接转移段和地月动平衡点附近周期轨道拟流形入轨转移段,采用带有状态约束的微分修正算法对这两段轨道进行拼接,得到了从地球附近至目标轨道族的月球近旁转移轨道;最后,针对南族halo轨道分析了halo轨道振幅和月球飞越高度对转移轨道设计的影响,以及转移轨道的入轨相位分布。仿真结果表明:月球近旁转移轨道设计方案具备工程上的可行性与优越性。该方案可以为实际工程任务和应用提供参考。     

挠性充液航天器超近程逼近段动力学建模与控制

超近程逼近过程中,服务航天器为刚柔液耦合的复杂系统,单摆等液体晃动模型不再适用,对这种工况下的航天器进行了动力学建模与控制的研究。采用虚功率原理推导了一种新的适用于三轴推力作用下的液体晃动等效模型,通过引入相对位置导引矢量与相对位置误差矢量,建立了相对轨道误差动力学模型,结合相对姿态动力学模型,得到超近程逼近段的刚柔液耦合的相对轨道姿态动力学模型。针对模型存在的不确定性和未知干扰,设计了基于滑模估计器的相对姿轨耦合控制律。通过数学仿真验证了控制律的有效性,仿真中的晃动结果与Flow-3D结果能够吻合,验证了晃动模型的合理性。     

常值推力下面内轨道优化的一种改进间接法

针对常值推力下航天器面内轨道转移燃耗最省的轨道优化问题,利用极大值原理导出了最优轨迹下推力方向角应满足的控制方程,结合动力学方程建立了一种求解航天器面内最优转移轨道的改进间接法,及其在推力方向角调节能力受限条件下的应用方法。由于避免了协态变量微分方程组的求解,改进间接法相对于传统间接法降低了初值猜测的难度和计算量;与采用Gauss伪谱法求解相比,所建立的改进间接法求解结果精度更高,数值光滑性更好。仿真算例表明:推力方向角调节能力受限会改善推力方向角变化规律,降低推力方向角变化范围;就燃耗而言,推力越大燃耗越多,优化轨道节省燃耗更加显著。     

Two-manoeuvres transfers between LEOs and Lissajous orbits in the Earth–Moon system

The purpose of this work is to compute transfer trajectories from a given Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to a nominal Lissajous quasi-periodic orbit either around the point L₁ or the point L₂ in the Earth–Moon system. This is achieved by adopting the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CR3BP) as force model and applying the tools of Dynamical Systems Theory.     

Onboard orbit determination using GPS observations based on the unscented Kalman filter

Spaceborne GPS receivers are used for real-time navigation by most low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. In general, the position and velocity accuracy of GPS navigation solutions without a dynamic filter are 25 m (1σ) and 0.5 m/s (1σ), respectively. However, GPS navigation solutions, which consist of position, velocity, and GPS receiver clock bias, have many abnormal excursions from the normal error range for space operation. These excursions lessen the accuracy of attitude control and onboard time synchronization. In this research, a new onboard orbit determination algorithm designed with the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was developed to improve the performance. Because the UKF is able to obtain the posterior mean and covariance accurately by using the second-order Taylor series expansion through the sampled sigma points that are propagated by using the true nonlinear system, its performance can be better than that of the extended Kalman filter (EKF), which uses the linearized state transition matrix to predict the covariance. The dynamic models for orbit propagation applied perturbations due to the 40 × 40 geo-potential, the gravity of the Sun and Moon, solar radiation pressure, and atmospheric drag. The 7(8)th-order Runge–Kutta numerical integration was applied for orbit propagation. Two types of observations, navigation solutions and C/A code pseudorange, can be used at the user’s discretion. The performances of the onboard orbit determination were verified using real GPS data of the CHAMP and KOMPSAT-2 satellites. The results of the orbit determination were compared with the precision orbit ephemeris (POE) of the CHAMP and KOMPSAT-2 satellites.     

基于SOC的卫星姿轨控系统通用电模拟器设计

在某型卫星地面电联试过程中,对该卫星的姿态轨道控制系统进行接口分析及信号统计,针对其接口复杂性、信号多样性的特点,提出采用片上系统(Systemona Chip,SOC)芯片对所有部件模拟器进行通用化设计。文中给出了该型卫星通用型电模拟器硬件平台设计方案以及陀螺、反作用轮和通用接口模块的硬件配置说明,针对该型卫星姿态轨道控制系统电联试要求,对所有部件按真实接口配置成电模拟器,形成通用接口箱、敏感器电模拟器箱和执行机构电模拟器箱,并通过CAN(Controller Area Network)总线接入闭环仿真,对太阳捕获、地球捕获及正常模式进行了仿真测试,仿真结果表明通用电模拟器满足设计要求,对其他卫星的地面电联试有很好的参考价值。     

Erosion of a Polyimide Material Exposed to Simulated Atomic Oxygen Environment

Oxygen plasma source generated by thermal cathode filament discharge has been used to study the erosion process of polyimide (PI) materials in atomic oxygen (AO) environment, and their mass loss, surface morphology and surface chemical compositions have been examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after exposure to incremental AO flux. The data indicate that the physical adsorption of AO at the samples' surface results in the increase of oxygen concentration when polyimide is exposed to AO flux. Then selective chemical reactions of groups of polyimide materials with AO yield volatile organic compounds, sample mass loss is on linear increase and carpet-like surface morphology forms. In the initial exposure to AO, the reaction occurs mainly between AO and carbon in specific location of aromatic ring, then the reaction rate of C=O groups gradually increases. After AO exposure, the oxygen concentration increases while nitrogen and carbon concentration decreases. Reaction rate of groups containing nitrogen is slower compared with carbon and oxygen.     

径向气体轴承-柔性转子耦合系统动力学研究

采用轨迹法对径向气体轴承(纯动压径向气体轴承、动静混合径向气体轴承)-柔性转子耦合系统的非线性动力学特性进行研究.建立柔性转子系统的多自由度模型,通过变方向隐式(ADI)方法实现瞬态气体润滑雷诺方程(含时间项)与转子动力学方程的耦合求解,通过数值仿真获得了系统在不同偏心质量作用下的非线性气膜力、轨迹图、相图、频谱图、能量谱图、分岔图、振型图及重力作用下轴承的平衡位置分布图.针对所采用的轨迹法的特点,研究了相应的非线性动力学参数获取方法.结果表明,轨迹法能够很好的描述径向气体轴承转子动力学特性及其气膜涡动现象,为径向气体轴承-柔性转子系统设计奠定基础.      

近地卫星编队构形保持方法

针对J2摄动和大气摄动导致低轨编队卫星构型破坏的情况,基于高斯摄动方程给出了以平均轨道根数为被控制量的脉冲控制模型。利用法向脉冲调整轨道倾角和升交点赤经偏差,在轨道上2个位置施加径向和切向脉冲调整其余轨道根数偏差从而修正卫星编队构形。最后通过数值仿真验证了算法的简单性、有效性。