激光器性能综合测试设备研制

介绍了激光器的主要性能指标,根据实际需要进行了激光性能测试设备的研究,提出了一种周全的激光性能测试设备研制方案,对该设备的结构设计、光路设计、以及测试方法作了详尽论述。设备中利用两对相互垂直的P分光镜和S分光镜以补偿偏振光在45°面上透反射率不同而造成的测量误差,进一步保证了激光能量测试的准确性。误差分析结果表明该设备满足实际应用中对激光器性能的测试要求。     

热处理对激光直接沉积成形A-100钢基体组织及性能的影响

研究了激光直接沉积成形A-100钢沉积态及热处理态组织,通过调整热处理工艺获得激光直接沉积成形A-100钢回火马氏体+回火贝氏体混合基体组织。不同热处理工艺下性能对比结果表明,相比淬火马氏体组织,回火贝氏体+回火马氏体混合组织具有更高的强度,但塑性有所下降。     

热处理对激光增材制造Ti2AlNb基合金组织及性能的影响

利用激光增材制造技术制备出Ti-22Al-25Nb合金薄壁试样,分析了沉积态和热处理态试样的宏观形貌、相组成和显微组织,以及不同制度热处理态试样的组织和室温拉伸性能.结果表明,沉积态试样相组成沿沉积高度方向呈现由B2+O+α2→B2+O→B2的变化趋势;热处理态试样的微观组织和相组成均匀,由B2、O、α23相组成;经930℃保温2h空冷的固溶处理和800℃保温24h空冷的时效处理后,合金室温拉伸性能好,抗拉强度为1017MPa,断后伸长率为6.0％.     

无定向激光陀螺捷联惯组标定方法的对比研究

对三种无定向激光陀螺捷联惯组标定方法进行了对比研究,详细分析了各种方案的标定原理,提出了利用标准差作为评价标定方法优劣的指标.结合对某一激光陀螺捷联惯组标定试验结果的分析,得到了在无北向基准的情况下,三种标定方法在标定时间和标定精度两个指标上的对比结果,为无定向激光捷联惯组的标定提供了指导,具有较大的工程应用价值.     

基于改进Canny的激光主动成像图像边缘检测算法研究

针对传统Canny边缘检测算法存在的不足,结合激光主动成像末制导的实际特点,提出了一种改进的Canny边缘检测算法.该算法在Canny边缘检测算法的基础上,采用同态滤波和提升小波变换级联的方法代替传统的高斯滤波器;采用3×3邻域的权值梯度计算方法代替原有的2×2邻域差分运算;采用Otsu自适应阈值计算方法,使算法可根据图像自身特点选择最合适的阈值.实验证明:该算法提升了传统Canny算子的抗干扰能力和鲁棒性,能够较好地保存边缘信息,准确检测出激光主动成像图像的边缘,具有较强的自适应性.     

In-orbit assessment of laser retro-reflector efficiency onboard high orbiting satellites

The navigation and geodetic satellites that orbit the Earth at altitudes of approximately 20,000 km are tracked routinely by many of the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS). In order to meet increasing demands on SLR stations for daytime and nighttime observations, any new mission needs to ensure a strong return signal so that the target is easily acquirable. The ILRS has therefore set a minimum effective cross-section of 100 million square metres for the on-board laser retro-reflector arrays (LRAs) and further recommends the use of ‘uncoated’ cubes in the arrays. Given the large number of GNSS satellites that are currently supported by SLR, it is informative to make an assessment of the relative efficiencies of the various LRAs employed. This paper uses the laser ranging observations themselves to deduce and then compare the efficiencies of the LRAs on the COMPASS-M1 navigation satellite, two satellites from the GPS and three from the GLONASS constellations, the two GIOVE test satellites from the upcoming Galileo constellation, the two Etalon geodetic spheres and the geosynchronous communications test satellite, ETS-8. All the LRAs on this set of satellites employ back-coated retro-reflector cubes, except those on the COMPASS-M1 and ETS-8 vehicles which are uncoated. A measure of return signal strength, and thus of LRA-efficiency, is calculated using the laser-range full-rate data archive from 2007 to 2010, scaled to remove the effects of variations in satellite range, atmospheric attenuation and retro-reflector target total surface area. Observations from five SLR stations are used in this study; they are Herstmonceux (UK), Yarragadee (Australia), Monument Peak and McDonald (USA) and Wettzell (Germany). Careful consideration is given to the treatment of the observations from each station in order to take account of local working practices and system upgrades. The results show that the uncoated retro-reflector cubes offer significant improvements in efficiency.     

选区熔化过程多尺度多物理场建模研究进展

选区熔化技术是一种基于粉末床的、能够精确成形复杂零件、调控微观组织和性能的金属增材制造技术,其成形过程的计算机模拟对于生产实践具有重要指导意义。综述了国内外的研究现状,首先介绍选区熔化技术的原理及其特点;然后介绍国内外对选区熔化过程已经开展的计算机模拟技术的研究进展;并进一步重点介绍针对电子束选区熔化过程的多尺度多物理场模型,主要包括:(1)微观尺度电子束与材料相互作用的能量吸收模型;(2)细观尺度从铺粉到粉末加热、熔化、流动、沉积成形全过程的模型;(3)宏观尺度零件成形过程模型。     

Determination of station positions and velocities from laser ranging observations to Ajisai,Starlette and Stella satellites

The positions and velocities of the four Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations: Yarragadee (7090), Greenbelt (7105), Graz (7839) and Herstmonceux (7840) from 5-year (2001–2005) SLR data of low orbiting satellites (LEO): Ajisai, Starlette and Stella were determined. The orbits of these satellites were computed from the data provided by 20 SLR stations. All orbital computations were performed by means of NASA Goddard’s GEODYN-II program. The geocentric coordinates were transformed to the topocentric North–South, East–West and Vertical components in reference to ITRF2005. The influence of the number of normal points per orbital arc and the empirical acceleration coefficients on the quality of station coordinates was studied. To get standard deviation of the coordinates determination lower than 1 cm, the number of the normal points per site had to be greater than 50. The computed positions and velocities were compared to those derived from LAGEOS-1/LAGEOS-2 data. Three parameters were used for this comparison: station coordinates stability, differences from ITRF2005 positions and velocities. The stability of coordinates of LEO satellites is significantly worse (17.8 mm) than those of LAGEOS (7.6 mm), the better results are for Ajisai (15.4 mm) than for Starlette/Stella (20.4 mm). The difference in positions between the computed values and ITRF2005 were little bit worse for Starlette/Stella (6.6 mm) than for LAGEOS (4.6 mm), the results for Ajisai were five times worse (29.7 mm) probably due to center of mass correction of this satellite. The station velocities with some exceptions were on the same level (≈1 mm/year) for all satellites. The results presented in this work show that results from Starlette/Stella are better than those from Ajisai for station coordinates determination. We can applied the data from LEO satellites, especially Starlette and Stella for determination of the SLR station coordinates but with two times lower accuracy than when using LAGEOS data.     

线性调频半导体激光衍射光栅干涉仪

介绍一种以线性调频半导体激光为光源的衍射光栅干涉仪。激光与光栅上衍射的±１级衍射波会合，由于有光程差而发生光拍频，测量拍频信号的相位移则可测得光栅的位移。设计了一种克服激光波长漂移和空气折射率变化影响的对称差动光路，使这种方法达到实用化的程度，分辨力达到纳米级。此外，还介绍了应用于接触干涉仪的实验情况。     

脉冲激光测距误差标定及不确定度分析CSCD

以脉冲激光测距机的测距误差标定为背景,通过对测距误差解析表达式的推导,给出了系统各不确定度分量对测距误差的影响,计算了信号延迟时间、探测器和激光二极管响应时间、晶振频率、大气折射率等不确定度分量。通过对某已标定激光测距机实验验证表明:该装置在500m^20 000m测距范围内,测量重复性引入的相对标准不确定度最大值为0.67m,满足该类激光测距机测量不确定度5m(k=2)的校准测试需求。因此,利用该解析表达式可以实现对脉冲激光测距误差的有效评估,这对于脉冲激光测距测试系统、脉冲激光测距机的设计具有重要的指导意义。