低地球轨道航天器不同攻角原子氧通量密度计算模型

低地球轨道原子氧与航天器表面材料相互作用,可导致材料因氧化剥蚀而发生性能     

LEO卫星网络路由算法的OPNET建模与仿真

由于OPNET没有提供标准卫星模块和星上路由器模块,这给卫星网络仿真带来一定难度 。针对LEO卫星网络路由算法,提出了一种OPNET路由仿真模型。该仿真模型主要由卫星网络 域、卫星节点域和路由进程域组成。卫星网络域实现网络拓扑结构的动态变化,节点域利用 无线仿真机制进行数据的发送和接收,路由进程域完成具体算法的实现。为了检验模型的性 能,仿真分析了几种典型的星上路由算法。结果表明,提出的仿真模型是正确可行的,且具 有一定的通用性,为卫星通信网络性能的仿真和分析提供了一种简单有效的途径。
     

基于图像位移的低轨卫星自主导航技术

利用高速相机测得的地面图形相对卫星的位移,结合星敏感器测得的姿态信息,基于卫星相对地面的速度是一个非线性变化过程这一事实,实现低轨卫星的自主导航.相对于传统的陆标识别自主导航,该方法不需识别地面物体或景象,只需利用图像之间的位移关系,经相关性分析后,便可获得卫星相对于地面的速度信息.因此,不需要存储地面物体或景象的先验信息,故减轻了存储负担.文中还构建了系统的状态方程和量测方程,采用卡尔曼滤波器进行信息滤波.仿真分析显示,该系统具有较好的自主导航精度,可以应用于低轨卫星的自主导航.     

Comparative analysis of global optical observability of satellites in LEO

With a growing number of resident space objects (RSOs), the facilities for near-Earth space surveillance have to cope with increasing workload. It also applies to low-cost small optical surveillance facilities which may present regional, national and global networks. Improved methods of planning and scheduling optical telescopes are required to use these instruments efficiently. Today, optical observations are only feasible if the following quite stringent requirements are met: the object should be illuminated by sunlight, and it should be above while the Sun is below the observer’s horizon. For different orbits, these preconditions result in varying degrees of the space object observability at various ground-based sites. Certainly, satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) are particularly difficult to observe. This study aims at developing a new technique for assessing observability of a satellite in different types of orbits – namely, low, medium and high Earth orbits, imaging of the opportunity for its visibility in respective diagrams and their analysing for the existing near-Earth population of RSOs. Unlike other researches, wherein one or several observational stations have been chosen as target sites for in-depth analyses of visibility of all the satellites or just the selected ones, the present study focuses on examining the probability of optical surveillance of satellites in a certain orbit from any locations worldwide. It offers considerable scope for automation of surveillance planning and scheduling optical surveillance networks.     

Post-Newtonian tracking formulae to increase the shooting accuracy of autonomous LEO laser trackers

We introduce five post-Newtonian tracking formulae that would allow increasing the accuracy of the shooting systems on board autonomous LEO laser trackers. These formulae should be used when the current formulae cannot provide instants close enough to the optimal instants at which the trackers could safely shoot down unwished LEO middle-distant targets. In fact, they allow the trackers to produce not only the safest shooting actions, but also the most efficient ablations that might make the targets fall into the atmosphere for them to burn. The fact of the matter is in the falsifiability procedure introduced below, which allows to simulate sequences of unharming shooting actions with very narrow laser beams leading to identify the optimal pointing directions to previously selected debris objects whose size and composition are representative of these targets.     

原子氧环境对空心阴极影响的地面模拟试验研究

为确定原子氧对六硼化镧型空心阴极的影响,将LHC-5型空心阴极放置于原子氧试验设备中反复点火,期间使用钨铼5-26热电偶测量阴极管温度。试验完成后检查空心阴极,发现阴极管出现膨胀开裂现象,其断面的XPS成分分析结果表明阴极管的断裂失效是由氧化导致的。因此,针对LEO使用六硼化镧型空心阴极的离子推力器、霍尔推力器和等离子体接触器等航天器部件,应制定正确的工作关机策略以保证阴极不受原子氧环境影响。     

基于SDN架构的NFV技术在低轨卫星网络中的应用

针对当前卫星网络通信业务需求复杂、星上设备对多业务兼容性差的问题，提出了一种面向低轨卫星网络的软件定义网络(SDN)架构。该架构设计了以星间链路为基础的虚拟化数据平面和多控制器的分布式控制平面，具有高度灵活和可编程的特性。通过网络功能虚拟化(NFV)技术实现了数据平面虚拟化和集群化控制器的功能分割，给出了架构实现的关键技术方案，使其能够实现数据传递的高效动态分配。最后仿真验证了在快速路由重构方面，该SDN卫星网络架构相较于传统卫星网络，在反向缝场景下全网平均网络查询时延更为稳定，且平均时延缩短了82.4%，进一步验证了其控制器数量选择的科学性，体现了该SDN卫星网络架构的先进性。     

Sensitivity analyses of satellite propulsion components with their thermal modelling

Performing the sensitivity analyses of the contact conduction and the position of thermostat on the basis of the thermal model established, the study of thermal design is accomplished for the preparation of possible mechanical interface change of the satellite propulsion system depending on the satellite system design. A relatively simple thermal model is taken into consideration for the convenience of the analysis. A variety of the spacecraft bus voltages and the contact resistances are examined as well as the position of thermostat on propulsion components. As a consequence, even though the mechanical interface condition is changed on the same module, the successful thermal design could be achieved if we design the heater to have sufficiently large power with reference to the heritage value of contact resistance. Besides the reasonable performance on the thermal control is assured with the thermostat location errors, if the uncertainty in the position of thermostat is not quite large when assembling tank module.     

低轨导航星座增强BDS精密单点定位技术验证CSCD

首先介绍了低轨增强北斗精密单点定位(PPP)的观测模型、参数估计与数据处理策略。然后对低轨导航增强仿真验证系统及误差仿真配置进行了说明,基于验证系统仿真了全球20个监测站的北斗及低轨导航数据,并通过单北斗及低轨增强北斗静态PPP试验,给出了低轨增强北斗的高精度定位测试评估结果。结果表明,加入150颗低轨卫星观测量后,20个测站PPP精度收敛到10cm之内只需约1min;低轨增强北斗实现静态收敛后,定位精度东方向均值为1.5cm,北方向均值为0.3cm,高程方向均值为2.2cm。相较于北斗单独精密定位,20个监测站收敛后组合定位精度从5cm左右提升到3cm左右。加入低轨卫星可大大加快PPP收敛速度,提升定位精度,验证了低轨卫星在增强PPP精度和收敛速度上的优越性,同时仿真验证系统可支持全链路闭环仿真验证。     

基于低轨互联网星座的全球导航增强——机遇与挑战CSCD

针对当前卫星导航发展的瓶颈问题,结合当前低轨互联网星座蓬勃发展的趋势,提出了基于低轨互联网星座的全球导航增强系统建设方案。从新兴用户群体对PNT性能的需求、低轨互联网星座的优势、建设成本优势以及通导融合优势等角度出发,分析了低轨全球导航增强的发展机遇。从频率资源、功率资源以及收敛时间三方面,总结了发展低轨全球导航增强系统面临的挑战。在此基础上,为系统体制、信号体制以及系统建设提出了发展建议。最后给出了总结认为低轨全球导航增强采用天基监测+信号增强体制,信号落地功率有望提升15~30dB,收敛时间缩短至秒级,信号频段向Ka频段扩展,最终实现城市挑战性环境下快收敛、高精度、高完好、高安全、高可用的PNT目标。