基于非合作LEO卫星辅助GNSS联合定位技术CSCD

针对全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)在受挑战的环境中,出现导航卫星信号被干扰或遮挡,导致可见卫星数目无法满足定位最低要求的情况。利用低轨(LEO)卫星具有信号到达地面功率高、抗干扰能力强,以及在未来将进行大量部署的特点,可为GNSS的导航服务提供备份与补充。提出了基于非合作LEO卫星辅助GNSS联合定位算法,不同于现有的LEO/GNSS联合定位算法将低轨卫星简单地视为轨道降低的导航卫星,该算法以LEO为通信卫星,从非合作、非导航特性的实际情况出发,将LEO的多普勒与GNSS的伪距、多普勒相结合求解用户位置信息,并以ORBCOMM低轨通信卫星联合GPS为例进行了仿真实验,实验结果验证了算法的可行性与性能。     

A novel data association scheme for LEO space debris surveillance based on a double fence radar system

The increasing amount of space debris threatens to seriously deteriorate and damage space-based instruments in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) environments. Therefore, LEO space debris surveillance systems must be developed to provide situational awareness in space and issue warnings of collisions with LEO space debris. In this paper, a double fence radar system is proposed as an emerging paradigm for LEO space debris surveillance. This system exhibits several unique and promising characteristics compared with existing surveillance systems. In this paper, we also investigate the data association scheme for LEO space debris surveillance based on a double fence radar system. We also perform a theoretical analysis of the performance of our proposed scheme. The superiority and the effectiveness of our novel data association scheme is demonstrated by experimental results. The data used in our experiments is the LEO space debris catalog produced by the North American Air Defense Command (NORAD) up to 2009, especially for scenarios with high densities of LEO space debris, which were primarily produced by the collisions between Iridium 33 and Cosmos 2251. We hope that our work will stimulate and benefit future work on LEO space debris surveillance approaches and enable construction of the double fence radar system.     

红外低轨星座凝视传感器的空间覆盖性能分析

针对探测冷背景条件下的空间目标的红外低轨系统,分析了红外低轨星座中凝视传感器对空间目标的探测特点,建立了红外凝视传感器的几何观测模型,考虑其探测距离和范围的约束,提出了一种红外凝视传感器对空间区域的覆盖判定方法,并给了一组表征星座凝视传感器对空间区域覆盖性能的指标。基于点覆盖数值仿真方法,得到了典型红外低轨星座凝视传感器的多重覆盖空间高度分层分布、纬度带多重几何覆盖分布以及立体空间区域多重覆盖高度分布等方面的性能特征,可以体现星座对空间立体区域覆盖的差异性。仿真结果表明了覆盖判别方法和空间覆盖性能指标的有效性,结论可为红外低轨星座设计及其空间应用设计提供一定的参考依据。     

不完备轨道信息下的LEO轨道面内机动检测方法

针对某些因轨道信息不完整而无法直接外推的LEO轨道飞行器的机动检测问题,提出了一种基于轨道摄动影响的面内机动检测方法。该方法将半长轴和偏心率作为检测量,通过分析大气阻力摄动和J 2 项摄动对 LEO 飞行器轨道的影响,从而确定目标飞行器的轨道参数允许边界值,再通过和实际轨道参数进行比较来判定被检测数据点参数是否超出正常范围。最后,采用这种方法对X\|37B飞行器轨道数据进行了仿真验证,共检测出10个机动点,结果表明该方法可以较为准确地利用有限轨道信息检测目标的轨道机动情况。     

一种低轨卫星星座覆盖性能通用评价准则

针对不同构形卫星星座的统一评价问题,提出了一种低轨星座覆盖性能的通用评价准则,可对不同构形和不同高度的星座对地覆盖性能进行统一评价。该准则将星座的对地仰角特性转化为具有相同覆盖能力的标准卫星数,以之同星座中实际卫星数的比值作为星座覆盖性能指数对星座实施评价。利用该评价准则,计算了Iridium、Globalstar、Celestri和NeLS四种星座构形覆盖性能的评价指数并提出了改进方法。     

频率偏置对Ka频段圆极化频率复用数传链路的影响

采用国际电信联盟(ITU)的星地链路计算模型,仿真分析Ka频段双圆极化频率复用(简称"圆极化复用")链路可用情况随2个正交射频通道载波中心频率偏置量变化的关系,得出特定链路可用率下频率偏置量与临界接收仰角的定量关系。在此基础上,为了综合衡量频谱利用情况,提出有效频带利用率指标,并依据此指标对地面站的利用方案进行尝试性设计,以达到优化利用频谱资源的效果。研究结果表明:中心频率偏置量与有效频带利用率是对立统一体。增大中心频率偏置量,在特定链路可用率下可增长数传弧段,进而改善链路可用情况,但无法获取最大有效频带利用率。当载波中心频率偏置量为零时,通过选择合适的链路可用率可实现最大有效频带利用率。文章采用的分析方法和提出的有效频带利用率指标,可推广到其他频段的星地数传链路分析中,为Ka频段星地数传系统设计提供参考。     

地球反照对低轨卫星太阳电池阵的影响分析

从太阳电池阵接收的光源分析入手,进行地球反照辐射对太阳电池阵的影响分析,提出基于空间几何的地球反照辐射分析方法,建立地球反照辐射的影响程度模型,通过海洋二号(HY-2)太阳同步轨道卫星在轨遥测数据进行了验证。研究结果可为低轨遥感卫星太阳电池阵在轨数据分析和太阳电池阵设计提供一定参考。     

LEO navigation augmentation constellation design with the multi-objective optimization approaches

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite for navigation augmentation applications can significantly reduce the precise positioning convergence time and attract increasing attention recently. A few LEO Navigation Augmentation (LEO-NA) constellations have been proposed, while corresponding constellation design methodologies have not been systematically studied. The LEO-NA constellation generally consists of a huge number of LEO satellites and it strives for multiple optimization purposes. It is essentially different from the communication constellation or earth observing constellation design problem. In this study, we modeled the LEO-NA constellation design problem as a multi-objective optimization problem and solve this problem with the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. Three objectives are used to strive for the best tradeoff between the augmentation performance and deployment efficiency, namely the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP), visible LEO satellites and the orbit altitude. A fuzzy set approach is used to select the final constellation from a set of Pareto optimal solutions given by the MOPSO algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the optimized constellation, we tested two constellations with 144 and 288 satellites and each constellation has three optimization schemes: the polar constellation, the single-layer constellation and the two-layer constellation. The results indicate that the optimized two-layer constellation achieves the best global coverage and is followed by the single-layer constellation. The MOPSO algorithm can help to improve the constellation design and is suitable for solving the LEO-NA constellation design problem.     

小偏心率低轨卫星的星历参数拟合法

研究了小偏心率低轨卫星参数拟合理论,数据来源于某星载GPS接收机定位数据。通过对小偏心率近地卫星的轨道根数进行频谱分析,建立了对应的数学模型,用采样数据对数学模型中的参数用最小二乘法进行估计。对算法进行了模拟仿真,结果表明,该方法简单有效,计算速度快,拟合和短时间（10min）预报误差在100m量级。     

基于空间隔离的低轨卫星系统频谱共享方法

随着业务需求的全球性增长,传统低频波段有限的频谱资源已不能满足低轨（LEO）卫星的业务承载要求,采用Ka频段的LEO星座系统设计成为了主流。然而,采用Ka频段的LEO星座系统不可避免地会对同频段已经存在的静止轨道（GEO）卫星系统产生干扰。首先,通过基于空间隔离的干扰规避方法,采用对LEO与GEO的频谱共用系统设置隔离角来进行上下行场景的干扰消除,使该LEO系统能满足国际电信联盟（ITU）对同频段内通信干扰的约束条件;然后,通过引入GEO带的概念,分析并研究了干扰规避区域的确定方法和其对LEO星座密度的影响。最后,通过仿真得出了干扰隔离角、GEO带与LEO星座密度的关系,得到了在采用隔离角的方式进行干扰避让时满足LEO星座系统业务不中断所需要的最小卫星数量,对LEO星座设计具有一定的指导意义。