两种空气/煤油燃气发生器富油燃烧组织方案对比

根据空气/煤油富油燃烧的特点,提出了两种空气/煤油燃气发生器富油燃烧组织方案,设计了采用钝体稳定火焰和旋流空气、二次喷注空气稳定火焰的两种燃气发生器.为了对比两种方案的点火和燃烧特性,对两种燃气发生器进行了一系列热试,结果表明余氧系数是燃气发生器最重要的工况参数.随着余氧系数的增加,燃气发生器的状态逐渐从启动失败变为中途熄火,最终呈正常启动状态.采用钝体稳定火焰的燃气发生器稳定工作的余氧系数边界为0.518,采用旋流空气和二次喷注空气稳定火焰可将该边界延伸到0.237,极大地扩大了燃气发生器的工作范围.与钝体稳定火焰的燃气发生器相比,旋流空气和二次喷注空气稳定火焰的燃气发生器的富油燃烧的燃烧效率提高了20%.两种方案结构复杂性相当,旋流空气和二次喷注空气稳定火焰的燃气发生器不需要冷却火焰稳定器,可提高燃气发生器的工作时间.      

电离层周日变化对解算GPS硬件延迟稳定性的影响

针对电离层周日变化特征分析了其可能对SCORE方法估算的硬件延迟稳定性的影响. 利用BJFS以及XIAM台站的GPS观测数据, 解算了位于太阳活动高年(2001年)和太阳活动低年(2009年)的卫星硬件延迟并分析了估算的硬件延迟的稳定性. 研究发现, 电离层周日变化对估算的硬件延迟稳定性具有一定影响, 但是利用不同台站所得到的卫星硬件延迟稳定性在昼夜不同时间上的解算结果存在一定差异. 电离层周日变化对利用 BJFS台站数据解算的硬件延迟稳定性日夜差异较为明显, 在太阳活动高年利用XIAM 台站数据解算的硬件延迟日夜稳定性差异不很明显, 由于XIAM台站处于电离层赤道异常峰附近, 夜间电离层变化很大, 因此对比中纬度地区, 电离层周日变化对赤道异常峰附近地区硬件延迟稳定性解算结果的影响相对较小, 但在太阳活动低年, 其影响仍较为显著.      

Estimation of GPS instrumental biases from small scale network

With 4 GPS receivers located in the equatorial anomaly region in southeast China, this paper proposes a grid-based algorithm to determine the GPS satellites and receivers biases, and at the same time to derive the total electron content (TEC) with time resolution of 15 min and spatial resolution of 1° by 3.5° in latitude and longitude. By assuming that the TEC is identical at any point within a given grid block and the biases do not vary within a day, the algorithm arranges unknown biases and TECs with slant path TEC from the 4 receivers’ observations into a set of equations. Then the instrumental biases and the TECs are determined by using the least squares fitting technique. The performance of the method is examined by applying it to the GPS receiver chain observations selected from 16 geomagnetically quiet days in four seasons of 2006. It is found that the fitting agrees with the data very well, with goodness of fit ranging from 0.452 TECU to 1.914 TECU. Having a mean of 0.9 ns, the standard deviations for most of the GPS satellite biases are less than 1.0 ns for the 16 days. The GPS receiver biases are more stable than that of the GPS satellites. The standard deviation in the 4 receiver bias is from 0.370 ns to 0.855 ns, with a mean of 0.5 ns. Moreover, the instrumental biases are highly correlated with those derived from CODE and JPL with independent methods. The typical precision of the derived TEC is 5 TECU by a conservative estimation. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm is valid and qualified for small scale GPS network.     

圆柱尾流中眼镜蛇探针与热线的性能对比

在雷诺数为7200的圆柱尾流中对眼镜蛇探针与热线的测量结果进行了详细对比,主要包括:时均速度、雷诺应力、概率密度函数、自相关函数和能谱等。从对比结果可以发现眼镜蛇探针数据的拒绝率随湍流度增大而增大,但在本实验中其对时均测量结果无明显影响。尽管眼镜蛇探针数据有效率在95%以上,但相对于热线其明显高估了雷诺应力。尤其是主雷诺剪切应力u*v*,眼镜蛇探针与热线测量结果的差异要显著大于两者在雷诺正应力上的测量差异。由于无法反映高频随机脉动的影响,眼镜蛇探针所测信号自相关系数的周期性明显强于热线。眼镜蛇探针对速度u和v的响应存在区别,使得两者能谱在惯性子区内有显著差异,不能像热线一样反映出惯性子区内小尺度湍流的各向同性。     

玉树地震前的电离层异常现象分析

分析了玉树地震前地基电离层探测临界频率、GPS TEC和卫星探测原位等离子体参量等多个参数的扰动变化信息, 研究了不同高度异常变化的时空关联性. 分析发现, 在地震前一天的4月13日, 多个电离层参量出现同步扰动异常, 电离层临界频率f₀F₂异常相对滑动中值增大40%, 异常空间上存在从震中东南向西南漂移的特性; GPS TEC异常增强15TECU (1TECU=1016m-2)左右, 分布于震中南部经度15°范围内, 且有明显的磁共轭效应; DEMETER观测的原位氧离子密度N_i(O+) 4月13日为1-4月中最强的一天, 异常分布偏向赤道区, 但仅局限在30°-50°左右的经度范围内. 综合三个参量的异常特征发现, 无论是空间的局地性还是时间上的密切关联均反映这次电离层扰动可能与玉树地震孕育有关. 结合其他观测信息, 进一步探讨了这次地震孕育过程的地震电离层耦合机理.      

Investigation of GPS-TEC measurements using ANN method indicating seismo-ionospheric anomalies around the time of the Chile (Mw = 8.2) earthquake of 01 April 2014

In 94 km NW of Iquique in Chile (19.610°S, 70.776°W) a powerful earthquake of M_w = 8.2 took place at 23:46:47 UTC (20:46:47 LT) on April 01, 2014. Using GPS-TEC (Total Electron Content) measurements, potential unusual variations around the time and location of the Chile earthquake have been detected based on the median and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods. The indices D_st, K_p, A_p and F10.7 were used to distinguish pre-earthquake anomalies from the other anomalies related to the solar-geomagnetic activities. Using the median method, striking anomalies in time series of TEC data are observed 4 days before the earthquake at 14:00 and 16:00 UTC. The ANN method detected a number of anomalies, 4 (02:00 and 16:00 UTC) and 13 (24:00 UTC) days preceding the earthquake. The results indicate that the ANN method due to its capability of non linear learning is quite promising and deserves serious attention as a robust predictor tool for seismo-ionospheric anomalies detection.     

Traveling ionospheric disturbances observed at South African midlatitudes during the 29–31 October 2003 geomagnetically disturbed period

This paper presents traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) observations from GPS measurements over the South African region during the geomagnetically disturbed period of 29–31 October 2003. Two receiver arrays, which were along two distinct longitudinal sectors of about 18°-20° and 27°-28° were used in order to investigate the amplitude, periods and virtual propagation characteristics of the storm induced ionospheric disturbances. The study revealed a large sudden TEC increase on 28 October 2003, the day before the first of the two major storms studied here, that was recorded simultaneously by all the receivers used. This pre-storm enhancement was linked to an X-class solar flare, auroral/magnetospheric activities and vertical plasma drift, based on the behaviour of the geomagnetic storm and auroral indices as well as strong equatorial electrojet. Diurnal trends of the TEC and foF2 measurements revealed that the geomagnetic storm caused a negative ionospheric storm; these parameters were depleted between 29 and 31 October 2003. Large scale traveling ionospheric disturbances were observed on the days of the geomagnetic storms (29 and 31 October 2003), using line-of-sight vertical TEC (vTEC) measurements from individual satellites. Amplitude and dominant periods of these structures varied between 0.08–2.16 TECU, and 1.07–2.13 h respectively. The wave structures were observed to propagate towards the equator with velocities between 587.04 and 1635.09 m/s.     

Stability of the seasonal variations in diurnal and semidiurnal components of mid-latitude F2 layer parameters

We report work utilizing 15-min resolution ionospheric data obtained with DPS-4 digisonde in 2003–2011 to study the seasonal variations in amplitudes and phases of the most powerful spectral components of the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) and peak height (hmF2) fluctuations over Irkutsk (52.5°N, 104.0°E). We show that fluctuations of both parameters contain quasi-harmonic components with periods of T_n = 24/n h (n = 1–7). The number of distinct spectral peaks varies from 3 in summer to 7 in winter. Amplitude and phase characteristics of the diurnal (n = 1) and semidiurnal (n = 2) components is studied using the data sets extracted from the original data sets with band-pass filter. It has been found that the amplitudes of diurnal/semidiurnal foF2 and diurnal hmF2 components are maximum in winter and minimum in summer. Amplitudes of the diurnal components vary gradually; those of the foF2 semidiurnal one, abruptly, thus forming a narrow winter maximum in November–January. The phase (local time of maximum) of the diurnal foF2 component increases gradually by 4–6 h from winter to summer. The phase of the semidiurnal foF2 component is nearly stable in winter/summer and sharply decreases (increases) by 2–3 h near the spring (autumn) equinox. The phase of the diurnal component of hmF2 (local time of minimum) varies slightly between 1130 and 1300 LT; that of the semidiurnal one decreases (increases) by 4–6 h from January to March (from September to November). The results obtained show that the main features of seasonal variations in the diurnal and semidiurnal components of the mid-latitude F2 layer parameters recur consistently during the solar activity growth and decline phases.     

卫星双向时间频率传递调制解调器研制进展

卫星双向时间比对调制解调器是卫星双向时间比对系统的核心设备,文章介绍了北京无线电计量测试研究所自主研发的卫星双向时间比对调制解调器(BIRMM modem)的研制情况,该设备具备1Mchip/s,2.5Mchip/s,5Mchip/s三种码速率,最多可拓展10个通道,中频输出频率70MHz。通过本地上星比对试验对BIRMM modem的核心性能指标进行了分析及评估。测试结果表明： BIRMM modem的时间比对精度优于0.3ns。     

东西方旅游文化比较研究

不同的地理自然环境、社会文化传承造成了东西方人群在审美情趣上的差异,这种差异体现在设计和开发同类型的旅游景点时不同的设计理念、游览模式、游客体验等等。溶洞旅游在自然旅游吸引物中占据了重要的地位．桂林又是以独特的喀斯特地貌和溶洞资源闻名于世,因此以溶洞为例,探讨中西方旅游文化的不同有重要的现实意义．有利于研究溶洞旅游资源的可持续开发。