新型实用高精度Talbot－Moire测焦法研究

本文首先从理论上证明了用单色平面波照射光栅时，在透镜后形成的Ｔａｌｂｏｔ－Ｍｏｉｒｅ象关于焦点的对称性．并利用这种性质提出了一种测量透镜焦距的方法，该方法采用光栅莫尔技术找准对称象的位置，再经简单计算得到透镜焦距．理论分析和实测研究表明此方法方便实用，对被测焦距的长短没有要求，而且容易实现高精度的测量．     

RPC-MIP: the Mutual Impedance Probe of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium

The main objective of the Mutual Impedance Probe (MIP), part of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC), is to measure the electron density and temperature of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s coma, in particular inside the contact surface. Furthermore, MIP will determine the bulk velocity of the ionised outflowing atmosphere, define the spectral distribution of natural plasma waves, and monitor dust and gas activities around the nucleus. The MIP instrumentation consists of an electronics board for signal processing in the 7 kHz to 3.5 MHz range and a sensor unit of two receiving and two transmitting electrodes mounted on a 1-m long bar. In addition, the Langmuir probe of the RPC/LAP instrument that is at about 4 m from the MIP sensor can be used as a transmitter (in place of the MIP ones) and MIP as a receiver in order to have access to the density and temperature of plasmas at higher Debye lengths than those for which the MIP is originally designed.     

机匣视窗折射对LDV聚焦的影响分析

为了分析激光束经过机匣视窗后聚焦状态的变化情况, 发展了一套通用程序, 可用于计算不同的测量条件下, 激光束穿过不同尺寸机匣视窗时的折射情况, 并对其结果的可信性进行了验证.利用所发展的程序, 以二维LDV探头为例, 分析了典型情况下蓝光、绿光焦点偏移情况, 以及蓝光与绿光焦点之间偏移量的变化情况, 并给出了确定焦点重合的计算准则.计算结果表明:如果不进行特殊的光学修正, LDV测量时必须要选取小的探头角度和浅的测点深度.      

模型两相脉冲爆震发动机推力的测试与研究

应用推力间接测量法,对模型两相脉冲爆震发动机的瞬时推力进行了详尽的测试,并依此计算了相应的平均推力。分析比较所得结果表明,该模型能产生很大的瞬时推力。      

对旋风机对旋叶轮级间流场的实验研究

采用实验方法对对旋风机对旋叶轮级间流场进行了研究。在改变级间间隙和前后级转速的情况下,采用五孔探针对级间压力场和速度场进行了了测量,并对结果进行了分析。研究表明:前后级动叶加功量的分配在对旋风机的气动设计中占有很重要的地位,这种分配可以通过转速的匹配来实现;在气动设计中,应增加对旋叶轮级间间隙的控制设计。      

修正极坐标系下雷达与ESM航迹对准关联

研究了存在系统误差时修正极坐标系(MPC)下的雷达与电子支援措施(ESM)航迹关联问题。系统误差导致MPC下雷达和ESM的角度估计产生偏移,而对角度变化率、距变率与距离的比值(ITG)的估计影响不大;结合非中心卡方分布的知识,分析了雷达与ESM的测量误差对非中心参数和正确关联概率的影响;提出了一种基于积分重合度的雷达与ESM航迹对准关联算法。首先将雷达与ESM的目标映射到角度-角度变化率空间,分别得到了雷达与ESM的目标曲线,然后对两目标曲线求积分重合度,估计出雷达与ESM测角系统误差的偏移量,对偏移量补偿后进行雷达与ESM的航迹关联。仿真结果表明,本文所提算法能有效地提高存在系统误差时雷达与ESM正确航迹关联概率。     

亚跨超风洞现代试验设计方法研究

开展了基于现代试验设计方法(MDOE)的亚跨超风洞试验研究,以八号标模尾翼为试验对象研究其气动特性,采用同时改变攻角-侧滑角的多变量方法,而不是传统的单变量(OFAT)方法进行试验。对自变量攻角和侧滑角进行试验设计(DOE),应用响应面法建模,用IV-最优方法对测量点分布进行设计。在FD-12亚跨超风洞完成了试验,并和传统的OFAT方法结果进行比较分析。结果表明:MDOE方法获得的数据和传统的OFAT方法的数据吻合很好;MDOE采集样点数减少了46%,吹风的时间比OFAT减少30%左右,提高了风洞试验效率,缩短了试验周期;MDOE试验方法可以给出设计空间内任意给定自变量对应的响应值及其置信区间。     

Ozone trends in the mid-latitude stratopause region based on microwave measurements at Lindau (51.66° N, 10.13° E), the ozone reference model,and model calculations

We compared 8 years of ozone measurements taken at Lindau (51.66° N, 10.13° E) at altitudes between 40 and 60 km using the microwave technique with the CIRA ozone reference model that was established 20 years ago (Keating et al., 1990). We observed a remarkable decrease in ozone density in the stratopause region (i.e., an altitude of 50 km), but the decrease in ozone density in the middle mesosphere (i.e., up to 60 km in altitude) is slight. Likewise, we observed only a moderate decrease in the atmospheric region below the stratopause. Other studies have found the strongest ozone decrease at 40 km and a more moderate decrease at 50 km, which is somewhat in contradiction to our results. This decrease in ozone density also strongly depends on the season. Similar results showed model calculations using the GCM COMMA-IAP when considering the increase in methane. In the lower mesosphere/stratopause region, the strongest impact on the concentration of odd oxygen (i.e., O₃ and O) was observed due to a catalytic cycle that destroys odd oxygen, including atomic oxygen and hydrogen radicals. The hydrogen radicals mainly result from an increase in water vapor with the growing anthropogenic release of methane. The finding suggesting that the stratopause region is apparently attacked more strongly by the water vapor increase has been interpreted in terms of the action of this catalytic cycle, which is most effective near the stratopause and amplified by a positive feedback between the ozone column density and the ozone dissociation rate, thereby chemically influencing the ozone density. However, the rising carbon dioxide concentration cools the middle atmosphere, thereby damping the ozone decline by hydrogen radicals.     

低速风洞中的洞壁干扰计算

本文按照文[1]的方法,通过壁压测量影响函数法计算洞壁干扰。文中对H/B=0.75、0.8333、1.00,以及矩形切角风洞进行了计算,并在H/B=0.8333的风洞中作了修正试验。计算与试验表明,本文的计算是可靠的,提供的曲线可供实际使用。