面向任务的小卫星自主指令设计

为了提高卫星的安全性、可靠性和可用性,在分析小卫星遥控指令特点的基础上,提出了面向任务的小卫星自主指令设计,把以往多条独立的间接指令组成封装系列指令,星上可以自动判断指令的执行条件,发现指令执行异常时进行处理,从而简化了卫星遥控操作。封装系列指令可以由程控指令以及星上自主产生的事件启动,文章所设计的自主指令已在多颗小卫星上成功应用。     

天基信息支援对导弹攻防作战的效用分析

分析了空天一体作战天基装备系统——军事卫星,对导弹攻防作战重要的信息支援效用。建立并阐述了天基军事卫星信息系统信息支援下导弹攻防作战过程模型和影响图模型,对模型进行了详细的分析讨论。     

微纳聚合体卫星的对称式重构规划算法

为解决微纳聚合体卫星变构过程中，聚合体各部分之间的动力学耦合导致的卫星整体姿态翻转或紊乱，提出了一种对称式变构规划算法。首先建立了铰链约束下的漂浮基多刚体系统动力学模型，研究了重构过程中各运动模块对本体姿态的影响，提出当每两个运动模块位置与转动方向满足对称性条件时，两者对本体姿态的影响可在一定程度上相互抵消。基于上述理论，在A*算法中引入最优分配度量和对称性判定，设计了并行对称重构规划算法。仿真结果表明，该规划算法可实现重构过程中多模块并行、对称运动，重构过程总步数较少，运动模块对本体姿态的影响小。     

A novel satellite image encryption algorithm based on hyperchaotic systems and Josephus problem

With the rapid growth of the number of Earth observation satellite (EOS) supporting critical applications, it is required to improve the security techniques to protect the sensitive data and images during the transmission between the satellites and the ground stations. This paper introduces a new satellite image encryption algorithm based on the Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) generator, SHA 512 hash function, hyperchaotic systems, and Josephus problem. LFSR generates a matrix that is used to construct the 512-bits value of the hash function. These bits are used to set the initial values and parameters of the proposed encryption algorithm. Firstly, the six dimensions (6-D) hyperchaotic system is divided into three parts, where every two equations are considered as one part. Secondly, the 1-D hyperchaotic logistic-tent system is considered as the controller to select one part. The selected part is used to generate a matrix that is XORed with the original image. Thirdly, the scrambling operation by Josephus sequences is applied to the output of the previous step by scrambling the rows and the columns according to the selected part to produce the pre-encrypted image. Finally, if the number of iterations is less than the required number which is considered as a parameter of the secret key, the previous operations will be repeated in the pre-encrypted image; otherwise, the pre-encrypted image is considered as the final cipher image. Experimental and analyses results show that the proposed algorithm has good performance in terms of high level of security, large enough key-space, tolerance to Single Event Upsets (SEU) as well as low time complexity.     

MEO卫星内部充电环境及典型材料充电特征分析

文章利用通用模型DICTAT,计算了恶劣期地球中高轨道(MEO)高能电子通量随卫星运行位置的变化情况以及日均积分能谱,之后选择4种参数具有代表性的电介质材料,分析了其在MEO环境下的充电特征,并将上述结果与地球同步轨道(GEO)情况进行了对比。结果表明,通常而言MEO卫星的内部充电风险更高,平均充电电位是GEO的3倍左右,而且充电电位在整个轨道周期内起伏变化明显,电位达到最高值的时间相对于高能电子通量最大值有0.3~0.9 h的延迟,具体的变化特征由电介质材料时间常数决定。     

超低轨道卫星应用离子电推进技术方案

低地球轨道大气环境对诸如科学探测和对地观测卫星的阻尼作用十分明显,而且阻尼随太阳和地磁活动以及昼夜、季节交替变化范围宽。为了保证卫星轨道精度或飞行状态满足任务要求,需要利用推进系统对卫星受到的阻尼进行实时或间歇式补偿以实现轨道或飞行状态的保持。针对轨道高度220~268km的无拖曳飞行和轨道维持应用,基于卫星轨道阻尼变化和有效载荷指标要求分析,研究确定了离子电推进技术指标、推力调节方案、系统组成、推力控制方案和在轨应用策略,并对推力调节方案进行了试验验证。结果表明,与无拖曳飞行卫星任务匹配的离子电推进指标为推力调节范围1~20mN,推力分辨率优于12μN,与对地观测卫星轨道维持任务匹配的指标为推力调节范围1～25mN,推力分辨率100μN。研究提出的针对超低轨道卫星应用需求的高精度推力连续调节离子电推进技术方案,具有工程任务针对性和参考价值。     

近地卫星严格回归轨道保持控制

研究了近地卫星基于严格回归参考轨道的轨道保持控制方法：将卫星编队理论引入单星绝对轨道保持控制,提出了"虚拟卫星编队"的概念,分析了卫星轨道相对于参考空间轨迹在轨道摄动情况下的偏离状态及变化趋势,然后根据卫星编队相对运动学,推导出了偏离状态与虚拟卫星编队构形参数之间的对应关系,并设计了以轨道参数超调、偏置及阈值触发为特征的管道保持控制策略。数值仿真结果表明,使用该控制策略能够将卫星轨道保持在以空间参考轨迹为中心的轨道管道内,并且有效减少了因周期性轨道摄动波动造成的管道保持控制量和控制频次。研究成果对于有空间轨迹回归要求的卫星轨道保持控制具有指导意义。     

Optimization of geosynchronous satellite constellation for independent regional navigation and positioning in Middle East region

Regional Navigation and positioning systems using geosynchronous satellites are emerging for different parts of the world. Optimal constellation geometry achievement for a set of geosynchronous satellites is a key sector in designing of such systems. Genetic algorithm is applied for optimization of constellations with 6 and 7 satellites which is to be used in Middle East region where these systems have been deprived of. Based on the fact that the coverage criterion is not sufficient enough to guarantee a good navigation service, positioning process by the satellite systems is discussed and the performance of the system on the basis of position dilution of precision is collected as the fitness criterion. Placing the satellites in groups to pass over the same ground track is applied as a constraint to the genetic algorithm. By simulation, performance of the best obtained results and GPS are compared in terms of position dilution of precision, visibility and the required epochs (time span) to resolve the ambiguities with a 99% success rate, in this region. Also, capability of the GA for such problems is demonstrated.     

Applications of tuned mass dampers to improve performance of large space mirrors

In order for future imaging spacecraft to meet higher resolution imaging capability, it will be necessary to build large space telescopes with primary mirror diameters that range from 10 m to 20 m and do so with nanometer surface accuracy. Due to launch vehicle mass and volume constraints, these mirrors have to be deployable and lightweight, such as segmented mirrors using active optics to correct mirror surfaces with closed loop control. As a part of this work, system identification tests revealed that dynamic disturbances inherent in a laboratory environment are significant enough to degrade the optical performance of the telescope. Research was performed at the Naval Postgraduate School to identify the vibration modes most affecting the optical performance and evaluate different techniques to increase damping of those modes. Based on this work, tuned mass dampers (TMDs) were selected because of their simplicity in implementation and effectiveness in targeting specific modes. The selected damping mechanism was an eddy current damper where the damping and frequency of the damper could be easily changed. System identification of segments was performed to derive TMD specifications. Several configurations of the damper were evaluated, including the number and placement of TMDs, damping constant, and targeted structural modes. The final configuration consisted of two dampers located at the edge of each segment and resulted in 80% reduction in vibrations. The WFE for the system without dampers was 1.5 waves, with one TMD the WFE was 0.9 waves, and with two TMDs the WFE was 0.25 waves. This paper provides details of some of the work done in this area and includes theoretical predictions for optimum damping which were experimentally verified on a large aperture segmented system.     

A hybrid attitude controller consisting of electromagnetic torque rods and an active fluid ring

In this paper, a novel hybrid actuation system for satellite attitude stabilization is proposed along with its feasibility analysis. The system considered consists of two magnetic torque rods and one fluid ring to produce the control torque required in the direction in which magnetic torque rods cannot produce torque. A mathematical model of the system dynamics is derived first. Then a controller is developed to stabilize the attitude angles of a satellite equipped with the abovementioned set of actuators. The effect of failure of the fluid ring or a magnetic torque rod is examined as well. It is noted that the case of failure of the magnetic torque rod whose torque is along the pitch axis is the most critical, since the coupling between the roll or yaw motion and the pitch motion is quite weak. The simulation results show that the control system proposed is quite fault tolerant.