基于GPS/DR/DM组合导航定位系统的研究

设计了一种基于GPS辅助以DR和DM的组合导航定位的联邦滤波器,采用GPS、DR和DM组合导航定位的设计方案的基础上,提出一种先分散式再局部集中联邦滤波器并采用一种简化的自适应联邦滤波器算法对各定位数据进行融合优化,并进行了仿真.仿真结果表明本文设计的联邦卡尔曼滤波器自适应算法对多传感器系统进行数据处理,能够提供一种最佳估计途径,在容错、数据容量及降低系统费用等方面,都比集中卡尔曼滤波器更为优越,使误差进一步减小.该设计与一般的分散卡尔曼滤波器比较,在信息综合方面更加快捷.     

电子式飞行仪表系统与GPS导航系统交联关系设计与实现

在简要分析某型飞机上原装LTN-211奥米加导航系统与EFIS-74电子式飞机仪表系统交联特性和Trimble 2101I／0型GPS导航系统输出特性基础上,设计了该型机LTN-211换装Trimble 2101I／O后EFIS-74与Trimble 2101I／O新的交联关系。实际应用表明：所实现的EFIS-74与Trimble 2101I／O交联关系全面、正确,提高了该型飞机的整机导航能力。     

基于GPS对地球同步轨道自动转移飞行器进行导航的可行性分析

研究利用GPS对地球同步轨道自动转移飞行器进行导航的方法,分析了飞行器在转移过程中可用的GPS卫星数目,在地心惯性坐标系下建立了惯导误差和GPS的伪距、伪距变率模型,采用渐消因子的自适应卡尔曼滤波对飞行器进行组合导航.仿真结果表明,可用GPS卫星的数目随着飞行器高度的增高而减少,因此无法利用单一历元观测信息直接对飞行器导航.但采用多历元观测信息和动力学模型相结合的滤波方法可对飞行器进行组合导航,当飞行器初始位置偏差为1 km,初始速度偏差为1 m/s,伪距及伪距变率观测均方差分别为10 m和0.05 m/s时,地球同步轨道自动转移飞行器的最终位置偏差小于50 m,速度偏差小于0.02 m/s.      

An introduction of mountain-based GPS radio occultation experiments in China

The mountain-based GPS radio occultation is a novel approach to lower atmospheric profiling. The experiments of the mountain-based GPS radio occultation were conducted on the top of Mt. Yaogu (29.38°N, 113.68°E, ∼1240 m) on December 17, 2003, and on the top of Mt. Jiugong (29.39°N, 114.65°E, ∼1550 m) on July 24, 2004. Based on these observation data, the scientific data processing software has been developed and is used to retrieve successfully the atmospheric refractivity profiles. The validation experiment was performed on the top of Mt. Wuling (40.60°N, 117.48°E, ∼2118 m) during August 1–29, 2005. Collocated automatic weather station and the radiosondes nearby were operated simultaneously for the comparison campaign. Results show that the radio occultation technique obtained about 40 profiles every day with the receiver antenna pointing to the south. Comparisons show that the refractivity measured by occultation agree well with those by the radiosondes, but not well with those by the automatic weather station due to their much different geographic locations of measurements. Results of these experiments suggest that the mountain-based GPS radio occultation is an economic reliable novel technique monitoring temporal and spatial variations of local lower atmospheric environments.     

Comparing TOPEX TEC measurements with IRI predictions

TEC values obtained from TOPEX satellite were compared with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2001 model estimates. The present work also shows results of the IRI model with the option of a new topside electron density distribution (NeQuick model). TOPEX TEC measurements, which include years of high and middle to low solar activity (2000 and 2004), were analyzed by binning the region covered by the satellite (±66°) every five degrees of modip. In general, there is good agreement between IRI predictions and Topex measurements. Cases with large disagreements are observed at low and high latitudes during high solar activity. Comparing the model predictions using the default IRI2001 model and the NeQuick topside option show that the default IRI 2001 version represents the observed data in a more realistic way, but appears to be less reliable at high and low latitudes in some cases.     

Ionosphere tomography based on spaceborne SAR

Two models of ionosphere tomography based on spaceborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) are proposed. For HF-SAR the signal with sweeping frequency lower than the characteristic frequency of ionosphere will be scatted during the ionosphere propagation and completely reflected at a corresponding height. The ionospheric electron density isolines looked as series of random surfaces can be reconstructed from the HF-SAR echoes by using the inverse scattering technique for layered rough surfaces and the method of moment (MoM). The numerical simulation show that due to the MoM can provide a full wave solution, the ionosphere tomography with high resolution can be obtained as long as enough sampling data of HF-SAR echoes are used. For VHF/UHF/P/L-band SAR the TEC (Total Electron Content) can be obtained from the SAR echoes scattered by some strong point targets (such as the calibrators, etc.) appeared in the SAR imaged ground region, and the ionosphere tomography can be performed by CT technique.     

Large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances of auroral origin according to the data of the GPS network and ionosondes

The intensity of large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LS TIDs), registered using measurements of total electron content (TEC) during the magnetic storms on October 29–31, 2003, and on November 7–11, 2004, had been compared with that of local electron density disturbances. The data of TEC measurements at ground-based GPS receivers located near the ionospheric stations and the corresponding values of the critical frequency of the ionospheric F region f_oF2 were used for this purpose. The variations of TEC and f_oF2 were similar for all events mentioned above. The previous assumption that the ionospheric region with vertical extension from 150 to 200 km located near the F-layer maximum mainly contributes to the TEC variations was confirmed for the cases when the electron density disturbance at the F region maximum was not more than 50%. However, this region probably becomes vertically more extended when the electron density disturbance in the ionospheric F region is about 85%.     

GPS定位中的误差分析与改正

在GPS测量中存在多种误差。从误差的来源、性质以及对定位误差产生的影响进行了分析,并给出了相关的改正模型。     

大方位失准角MIMU空中对准建模及半物理仿真

由于快速性的要求,微小型无人机不经过地面精确初始对准就升空作业,因此MIMU(Micro Inertial Measurement Unit)空中对准在大失准角下进行. 为了提高微小型无人机空中的反应速度和作业精度,把非线性误差部分作为状态变量,建立MIMU在大方位失准角下无需小角度近似的空中对准的线性模型,同时为解决噪声不确定导致滤波器发散的问题,提出将AKF (Adaptive Kalman Filter)应用在GPS(Global Positioning System)辅助MIMU的空中对准中,半物理仿真结果证实其取得了比基于非线性误差模型的EKF(Extended Kalman Filter)精度高且速度快的结果,不仅使MIMU的方位失准角由60° 快速下降到2° 左右,且所需时间仅为EKF的67%.      

模型预测滤波在机载SAR运动补偿POS系统中的应用

 机载合成孔径雷达（SAR）运动补偿用位置姿态系统（POS）的定位精度直接影响SAR成像的效果。为进一步提高POS的导航精度,提出将模型预测滤波（MPF）与扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）相结合的方法应用于POS中。该方法不需要假设模型误差为高斯过程,并能够在线实时估计并修正系统模型,有效解决了MPF算法与系统模型不完全兼容的问题。飞行试验结果表明,该方法的收敛速度和滤波精度均明显优于目前工程应用中的KF和EKF,特别是大大提高了POS的定位精度;同时该算法与线性滤波KF的计算量相当,更好地满足了工程应用对导航精度和实时性的要求。