基于双摄像机的立体视觉图像预处理研究

针对立体图像对的亮度差异问题和图像噪声问题研究图像的强化处理,图像预处理主要完成图像对极线校正和图像质量增强.极线校正部分以对极几何为基础研究立体图像对的校正算法.图像质量增强部分主要研究了立体图像对特有的亮度差异问题,并提出了应用直方图均衡化来校正亮度的方法.之后本文对图像噪声进行了深入的分析,并针对立体图像特点使用均值滤波和Gauss滤波平滑图像.在实验中,验证了算法的可行性,取得了良好的应用效果.     

运动的核弹比静止的核弹威力小?——多普勒效应、红移、光行差和动体的质能当量关系

证明爱因斯坦立足于光速不变假设和长度收缩假设的洛伦茨变换未能正确地解释多普勒效应、红移和光行差现象;他也未能给出正确的动体的质能当量关系.作者立足于完全符合相对性原理的伽利略变换,成功地解决了上述问题.     

基于计算机视觉/GPS/MG姿态测量的盲人行走组合导航方法研究

电子导盲辅助装置(ETA)是解决盲人出行困难的重要手段,而导航是ETA的关键技术.现有的ETA主要用GPS来定位定向,但在城市环境中经常存在GPS信号遮挡导致导航信息丢失的问题.针对该问题,利用视觉导航短时间内定位精度高,输出连续的优点以及 MG(Magnetic Gravity)姿态测量可补偿姿态积累误差的优点,提出一种基于视觉、GPS和MG姿态测量的盲人行走组合导航算法.该方法构建系统误差模型并以Kalman滤波为框架.仿真和实验结果表明,提出的组合导航算法准确度优于单独的导航算法,满足盲人户外安全出行导航的需求.     

基于FPGA的增强Lee滤波算法设计与实现

增强Lee滤波算法能够较好地滤除影响SAR景象匹配性能的相干斑噪声,是一种非常有效的SAR图像预处理方法.为了提高图像处理算法在硬件上实现的实时性,本文根据FPGA编程特点,对增强Lee滤波计算过程进行优化,并利用硬件描述语言完成了增强Lee滤波在FPGA中的实现.实际工程应用表明,此种方法能够快速实现SAR图像相干斑...     

基于UKF的双机协同纯角度目标定位路径规划

针对三维空间双机协同定位问题,在无迹卡尔曼滤波的基础上,提出一种规划双机路径的方法。首先,利用双机探测得到的方位角和俯仰角信息,并结合无迹卡尔曼滤波算法估计目标的状态;在此基础上根据交互信息理论提出指标函数的概念,以指标函数最大为轨迹优化的最优性能指标,将问题转化为求双机控制量的最优解;最后,采用遗传算法求解双机的控制量,得到比较合理的双机飞行路径。仿真结果表明,通过最大化指标函数可以有效地规划双机路径,且具有更高的精度和速度。     

Beam-Park-Experiment-1/2000 with TIRA

A monostatic 24-h debris observation campaign (BPE-1/2000) has been prepared and conducted using FGAN's TIRA L-Band system. Based on experiences from previous Beam-park experiments a similar largely automated data processing is applied on an extended range window of 300–2000km. More than 1500 detections are encountered, 471 of them are verified as being real objects in Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO). PROOF's observation forecasting of catalogued objects is evaluated against the observed objects, and the difficulties obtaining radar cross-sections (RCSs) and object sizes from Beam-park experiments are discussed. Sidelobe detections are identified by using background information like two-line element (TLE) sets and/or catalogued RCSs.In comparison with previous experiments, the statistics show similarities confirming the concept of Beam-park experiments for space debris observations, despite the snapshot character of 24-h experiments. The comparison with MASTER/PROOF'99 and ORDEM2000 leads to a reasonable agreement between models and observations.     

NONLINEAR FILTERING ALGORITHM FOR INS INITIAL ALIGNMENT

The initial alignment error equation of an INS (Inertial Navigation System) with large initial azimuth error has been derived and nonlinear characteristics are included. When azimuth error is fairly small, the nonlinear equation can be reduced to a linear one. Extended Kalman filter, iterated filter and second order filter formulas are derived for the nonlinear state equation with linear measurement equation. Simulations results show that the accuracy of azimuth error estimation using extended Kalman filter is better than that of using standard Kalman filter while the iterated filter and second order filter can give even better estimation accuracy.     

Development,integrated investigation,laboratory and in-flight testing of Chibis-M microsatellite ADCS

Design, analytical investigation, laboratory and in-flight testing of the attitude determination and control system (ADCS) of a microsatellites are considered. The system consists of three pairs of reaction wheels, three magnetorquers, a set of Sun sensors, a three-axis magnetometer and a control unit. The ADCS is designed for a small 10–50 kg LEO satellite. System development is accomplished in several steps: satellite dynamics preliminary study using asymptotical and numerical techniques, hardware and software design, laboratory testing of each actuator and sensor and the whole ADCS. Laboratory verification is carried out on the specially designed test-bench.In-flight ADCS exploitation results onboard the Russian microsatellite “Chibis-M” are presented. The satellite was developed, designed and manufactured by the Institute of Space Research of RAS. “Chibis-M” was launched by the “Progress-13M” cargo vehicle on January 25, 2012 after undocking from the International Space Station (ISS). This paper assess both the satellite and the ADCS mock-up dynamics. Analytical, numerical and laboratory study results are in good correspondence with in-flight data.     

A residual based adaptive unscented Kalman filter for fault recovery in attitude determination system of microsatellites

This paper presents an adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) to recover the satellite attitude in a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) subsystem of microsatellites. The FDD subsystem includes a filter and an estimator with residual generators, hypothesis tests for fault detections and a reference logic table for fault isolations and fault recovery. The recovery process is based on the monitoring of mean and variance values of each attitude sensor behaviors from residual vectors. In the case of normal work, the residual vectors should be in the form of Gaussian white noise with zero mean and fixed variance. When the hypothesis tests for the residual vectors detect something unusual by comparing the mean and variance values with dynamic thresholds, the AUKF with real-time updated measurement noise covariance matrix will be used to recover the sensor faults. The scheme developed in this paper resolves the problem of the heavy and complex calculations during residual generations and therefore the delay in the isolation process is reduced. The numerical simulations for TSUBAME, a demonstration microsatellite of Tokyo Institute of Technology, are conducted and analyzed to demonstrate the working of the AUKF and FDD subsystem.     

基于剪裁技术考虑的某冲击试验分析

利用环境工程剪裁技术对某冲击试验的结果进行分析,结果表明,按照引用标准评定为"超差"的试验,当考虑到试验件结构的特性并进行必要的数据转换后,试验结果是有效。首先分析造成超差的原因为天线组件的剩余响应,然后通过频域数字滤波进行数据转换。